Runoff characteristics and its sensitivity to climate factors in the Weihe River Basin from 2006 to 2018

• Published in: Journal of arid land Vol. 14; no. 12; pp. 1344 - 1360
• Main Authors: Wu, Changxue, Xu, Ruirui, Qiu, Dexun, Ding, Yingying, Gao, Peng, Mu, Xingmin, Zhao, Guangju
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Heidelberg Science Press 01-12-2022; Springer Nature B.V; State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau,Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China%State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau,Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources,Yangling 712100,China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100000,China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100000,China%State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau,Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China; State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau,Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources,Yangling 712100,China
• Subjects: Analysis; Annual; Annual precipitation; Annual runoff; Aridity; Climate; Correlation analysis; Daily; Earth and Environmental Science; Evaporation; Evaporation rate; Flow duration; Flow duration curves; Geography; Humid areas; Hydrologic data; Hydrology; Impact analysis; Pattern analysis; Physical Geography; Plant Ecology; Precipitation; Rainfall; Research Article; River basins; Rivers; Runoff; Sensitivity analysis; Stormwater; Sustainable Development; Trend analysis; Tributaries; Variability; Water resources; Water resources management; Weihe River; correlation analysis; precipitation; potential evaporation; climate-related factors; Weihe River Basin; sensitivity analysis; daily runoff
• ISSN: 1674-6767; 2194-7783
• DOI: 10.1007/s40333-022-0109-6

Exploring the current runoff characteristics after the large-scale implementation of the Grain for Green (GFG) project and investigating its sensitivities to potential drivers are crucial for water resource prediction and management. Based on the measured runoff data of 62 hydrological stations in the Weihe River Basin (WRB) from 2006 to 2018, we analyzed the temporal and spatial runoff characteristics in this study. Correlation analysis was used to investigate the relationships between different runoff indicators and climate-related factors. Additionally, an improved Budyko framework was applied to assess the sensitivities of annual runoff to precipitation, potential evaporation, and other factors. The results showed that the daily runoff flow duration curves (FDCs) of all selected hydrological stations fall in three narrow ranges, with the corresponding mean annual runoff spanning approximately 1.50 orders of magnitude, indicating that the runoff of different hydrological stations in the WRB varied greatly. The trend analysis of runoff under different exceedance frequencies showed that the runoff from the south bank of the Weihe River was more affluent and stable than that from the north bank. The runoff was unevenly distributed throughout the year, mainly in the flood season, accounting for more than 50.00% of the annual runoff. However, the trend of annual runoff change was not obvious in most areas. Correlation analysis showed that rare-frequency runoff events were more susceptible to climate factors. In this study, daily runoff under 10%–20% exceeding frequencies, consecutive maximum daily runoff, and low-runoff variability rate had strong correlations with precipitation, aridity index, and average runoff depth on rainy days. In comparison, daily runoff under 50%–99% exceeding frequencies, consecutive minimum daily runoff, and high-runoff variability rate had weak correlations with all selected impact factors. The sensitivity analysis results suggested that the sensitivity of annual runoff to precipitation was always higher than that to potential evaporation. The runoff about 87.10% of the selected hydrological stations were most sensitive to precipitation changes, and 12.90% were most sensitive to other factors. The spatial pattern of the sensitivity analysis indicated that in relatively humid southern areas, runoff was more sensitive to potential evaporation and other factors, and less sensitive to precipitation.