Anti-Periodontopathogenic Ability of Mangrove Leaves (Aegiceras corniculatum) Ethanol Extract: In silico and in vitro study

• Published in: European journal of dentistry Vol. 17; no. 1; pp. 46 - 56
• Main Authors: Nugraha, Alexander Patera, Sibero, Mada Triandala, Nugraha, Albertus Putera, Puspitaningrum, Martining Shoffa, Rizqianti, Yuniar, Rahmadhani, Desintya, Kharisma, Viol Dhea, Ramadhani, Nastiti Faradilla, Ridwan, Rini Devijanti, Noor, Tengku Natasha Eleena Binti Tengku Ahmad, Ernawati, Diah Savitri
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Germany Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd 01-02-2023
• Subjects: Original
• ISSN: 1305-7456; 1305-7464
• DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1741374

Mangrove (
) is an abundant natural marine resource of Indonesia, which can be explored for treating periodontal disease due to its potential as immunoregulatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties. The objective of this study was to investigate the active compound from Indonesian mangrove leaf extract (
) (MLE) for developing a herbal-based mouthwash through
and
studies.
 Phytochemistry and liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) were done to explore the active compounds in MLE. Chemistry screening and interaction, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME), molecular docking simulation, and visualization of MLE active compounds as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial were investigated
The inhibition zone of MLE against
(Aa),
(Pg), and
(Fn) as periodontopathogenic bacterias was performed by diffusion method. Doxycycline 100 mg was used as a positive control, as a treatment group, there were five groups, namely 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% MLE.
 Alkaloid, saponin, flavonoid, triterpenoid, steroid, tannin, and quinone were detected in MLE. A high concentration of (-)epicatechin and coumaric acid (CA) were found in MLE. MLE in 100% concentration has the most effective ability to inhibit
growth
. (-)-Epicatechin has a higher negative binding affinity than CA that can enhance heat shock protein (HSP)-30, HSP-70, HSP-90, interleukin-10, and FOXP3 and also inhibit interleukin-6, peptidoglycan, flagellin, and dectin
.
 MLE of
has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activities that can be a potential raw material for developing a herbal-based mouthwash.