Dynamic Lift on an Artificial Static Armor Layer During Highly Unsteady Open Channel Flow

• Published in: Water (Basel) Vol. 7; no. 9; pp. 4951 - 4970
• Main Authors: Spiller, Stephan, Rüther, Nils, Friedrich, Heide
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 01-09-2015
• Subjects: artificial streambed; Environmental engineering; force sensor; lift force; load cell; Sediment transport; Shear stress; Surface water; unsteady flow; Velocity
• ISSN: 2073-4441; 2073-4441
• DOI: 10.3390/w7094951

The dynamic lift acting on a 100 mm × 100 mm section of a static armor layer during unsteady flow is directly measured in a series of physical experiments. The static armor layer is represented by an artificial streambed mold, made from an actual gravel bed. Data from a total of 190 experiments are presented, undertaken in identical conditions. Results show that during rapid discharge increases, the dynamic lift on the streambed repeatedly exhibits three clear peaks. The magnitude of the observed lift depends on the following hydrograph characteristics: (1) the initial flow depth; (2) the ramping duration and therefore the ramping rate; and (3) the total discharge increase. An adjusted unsteadiness parameter combines those three hydrograph characteristics for rapid discharge increases. Direct correlations between the unsteadiness parameter and the measured dynamic lift during unsteady flow are presented. In addition, the armor layer porosity showed a major impact on the observed effects. It is shown that increasing bed porosity leads to decreasing dynamic lift.