SpeX SPECTROSCOPY OF UNRESOLVED VERY LOW MASS BINARIES. II. IDENTIFICATION OF 14 CANDIDATE BINARIES WITH LATE-M/EARLY-L AND T DWARF COMPONENTS

• Published in: The Astrophysical journal Vol. 794; no. 2; pp. 1 - 19
• Main Authors: GAGLIUFFI, DANIELLA C BARDALEZ, Burgasser, Adam J, GELINO, CHRISTOPHER R, Looper, Dagny L, Nicholls, Christine P, Schmidt, Sarah J, Cruz, Kelle, West, Andrew A, Gizis, John E, METCHEV, STANIMIR
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States 20-10-2014
• Subjects: ASTROPHYSICS, COSMOLOGY AND ASTRONOMY; BINARY STARS; Binary systems; Brown dwarf stars; DESIGN; DISTRIBUTION; DWARF STARS; Formations; Libraries; MASS; MULTIPLICITY; PRISMS; Searching; Separation; SPECTRA; SPECTROSCOPY; STARS; Statistical methods; VISIBLE RADIATION
• ISSN: 1538-4357; 0004-637X; 1538-4357
• DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/794/2/143

Multiplicity is a key statistic for understanding the formation of very low mass (VLM) stars and brown dwarfs. Currently, the separation distribution of VLM binaries remains poorly constrained at small separations [< or =, slant]1 AU), leading to uncertainty in the overall binary fraction. We approach this problem by searching for late-M/early-L plus T dwarf spectral binaries whose combined light spectra exhibit distinct peculiarities, allowing for separation-independent identification. We define a set of spectral indices designed to identify these systems, and we use a spectral template fitting method to confirm and characterize spectral binary candidates from a library of 815 spectra from the SpeX Prism Spectral Libraries. We present 11 new binary candidates, confirm 3 previously reported candidates, and rule out 2 previously identified candidates, all with primary and secondary spectral types in the range M7-L7 and T1-T8, respectively. We find that subdwarfs and blue L dwarfs are the primary contaminants in our sample and propose a method for segregating these sources. If confirmed by follow-up observations, these systems may add to the growing list of tight separation binaries, whose orbital properties may yield further insight into brown dwarf formation scenarios.