Group V secretory phospholipase A2 impairs endothelial protein C receptor‐dependent protein C activation and accelerates thrombosis in vivo

• Published in: Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis Vol. 12; no. 11; pp. 1921 - 1927
• Main Authors: Tamayo, I., Velasco, S. E., Puy, C., Esmon, C. T., Dichiara, M. G., Montes, R., Hermida, J.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Elsevier Limited 01-11-2014
• Subjects: activated protein C resistance; Animals; Carotid Stenosis - blood; Carotid Stenosis - enzymology; Carotid Stenosis - genetics; Disease Models, Animal; endothelial cell protein C receptor; Endothelial Protein C Receptor; Enzyme Activation; Enzyme Induction; Enzyme Inhibitors - pharmacology; Gene Transfer Techniques; Group V Phospholipases A2 - antagonists & inhibitors; Group V Phospholipases A2 - biosynthesis; Group V Phospholipases A2 - genetics; group V secretory phospholipase A2; Hemostasis; Humans; Liver - drug effects; Liver - enzymology; Mice, Inbred ICR; Protein C - metabolism; protein C; Receptors, Cell Surface - metabolism; Signal Transduction; thrombosis; Thrombosis - blood; Thrombosis - enzymology; Thrombosis - genetics; Time Factors; endothelial cell protein C receptor; activated protein C resistance; thrombosis; protein C; group V secretory phospholipase A2
• ISSN: 1538-7933; 1538-7836; 1538-7836
• DOI: 10.1111/jth.12676

Summary
Background
Endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) must be bound to a molecule of phosphatidylcholine (PC) to be fully functional, i.e. to interact with protein C/activated protein C (APC) properly. PC can be replaced with other lipids, such as lysophosphatidylcholine or platelet‐activating factor, by the action of group V secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2‐V), an enzyme that is upregulated in a variety of inflammatory conditions. Studies in purified systems have demonstrated that the substitution of PC notably impairs EPCR function in a process called EPCR encryption.
Objectives
To analyze whether sPLA2‐V was able to regulate EPCR‐dependent protein C activation in vivo, and its impact on thrombosis and the hemostatic system.
Methods
Mice were transfected with sPLA2‐V by hydrodynamic gene delivery. The effects on thrombosis were studied with the laser carotid artery occlusion model, and APC generation capacity was measured with ELISA. Global hemostasis was analyzed with thromboelastometry.
Results
We found that sPLA2‐V overexpression in mice significantly decreased their ability to generate APC. Furthermore, a murine carotid artery laser thrombosis model revealed that higher sPLA2‐V levels were directly associated with faster artery thrombosis.
Conclusions
sPLA2‐V plays a thrombogenic role by impairing the ability of EPCR to promote protein C activation.