Association of Chlamydia trachomatis Infection and Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Serostatus With Genital Human Papillomavirus Infection in Men The HPV in Men Study

• Published in: Sexually transmitted diseases Vol. 40; no. 6; pp. 508 - 515
• Main Authors: Alberts, Catharina Johanna, van der Loeff, Maarten F. Schim, Papenfuss, Mary R., da Silva, Roberto José Carvalho, Villa, Luisa Lina, Lazcano-Ponce, Eduardo, Nyitray, Alan G., Giuliano, Anna R.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, a business of Wolters Kluwer Health 01-06-2013; Copyright American Sexually Transmitted Diseases Association; Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Ovid Technologies
• Subjects: Adult; Antibodies, Bacterial - blood; Antibodies, Viral - blood; Brazil - epidemiology; Chlamydia; Chlamydia Infections - complications; Chlamydia Infections - epidemiology; Chlamydia Infections - immunology; Chlamydia Infections - microbiology; Chlamydia trachomatis - immunology; Genitals; Herpes Genitalis - complications; Herpes Genitalis - epidemiology; Herpes Genitalis - immunology; Herpes Genitalis - virology; Herpes simplex virus; Herpesvirus 2, Human - immunology; Human papillomavirus; Human papillomaviruses; Humans; Infection; Male; Men; Mens health; Mexico - epidemiology; Original Study; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections - complications; Papillomavirus Infections - epidemiology; Papillomavirus Infections - immunology; Papillomavirus Infections - virology; Pathogenesis; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Sexual behavior; Sexually transmitted diseases; STD; United States - epidemiology; Young Adult; Brazil; United States; Mexico; United States > US
• ISSN: 0148-5717; 1537-4521
• DOI: 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e318289c186

BACKGROUNDStudies in women indicate that some sexually transmitted infections promote human papillomavirus (HPV) persistence and carcinogenesis. Little is known about this association in men; therefore, we assessed whether Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infection and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) serostatus are associated with genital HPV prevalence, an early event in HPV-related pathogenesis.
METHODSGenital exfoliated cells, first-void urine, and blood from 3971 men recruited in the United States, Mexico, and Brazil were tested for HPV, CT, and HSV-2 antibodies, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association of CT infection and HSV-2 serostatus with 4 HPV outcomes (any, oncogenic, nononcogenic only, and multiple infections).
RESULTSA total of 64 (1.6%) men were CT positive, and 811 (20.4%) men were HSV-2 seropositive. After adjustment for potential confounders, CT was associated with any HPV (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.19; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13–4.24), oncogenic HPV (aOR, 3.10; 95% CI, 1.53–6.28), and multiple HPV (aOR, 3.43; 95% CI, 1.69–6.95) prevalence. Herpes simplex virus type 2 serostatus was associated with any HPV (aOR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.02–1.52), nononcogenic HPV only (aOR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.08–1.75), and multiple HPV (aOR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.06–1.68) prevalence. In analyses stratified by sexual behavior, CT infection was significantly associated with HPV detection among men reporting 2 or more recent sexual partners, whereas HSV-2 serostatus was significantly associated with HPV detection in men reporting 0 to 5 lifetime sexual partners.
CONCLUSIONIn this population, CT infection and HSV-2 serostatus were associated with prevalent genital HPV infection. Future prospective studies should investigate whether these infections influence HPV acquisition and/or persistence.