Spinal cord compression injury in lysophosphatidic acid 1 receptor-null mice promotes maladaptive pronociceptive descending control

• Published in: European journal of pain Vol. 20; no. 2; pp. 176 - 185
• Main Authors: Suardíaz, M., Galan-Arriero, I., Avila-Martin, G., Estivill-Torrús, G., de Fonseca, F.R., Chun, J., Gómez-Soriano, J., Bravo-Esteban, E., Taylor, J.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01-02-2016
• Subjects: Animals; Male; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Muscle, Skeletal - physiopathology; Nociception; Pain - genetics; Pain - physiopathology; Receptors, Lysophosphatidic Acid - genetics; Reflex - physiology; Spinal Cord Compression - physiopathology; Spinal Cord Injuries - physiopathology
• ISSN: 1090-3801; 1532-2149
• DOI: 10.1002/ejp.695

Background
Although activation of the lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 (LPA1) is known to mediate pronociceptive effects in peripheral pain models, the role of this receptor in the modulation of spinal nociception following spinal cord injury (SCI) is unknown.
Aim
In this study, LPA1 regulation of spinal excitability mediated by supraspinal descending antinociceptive control systems was assessed following SCI in both wild‐type (WT) and maLPA1‐null receptor mice.
Methods
The effect of a T8 spinal compression in WT and maLPA1‐null mice was assessed up to 1 month after SCI using histological, immunohistochemical and behavioural techniques analysis including electrophysiological recording of noxious toes‐Tibialis Anterior (TA) stimulus‐response reflex activity. The effect of a T3 paraspinal transcutaneous electrical conditioning stimulus on TA noxious reflex temporal summation was also assessed.
Results
Histological analysis demonstrated greater dorsolateral funiculus damage after SCI in maLPA1‐null mice, without a change in the stimulus‐response function of the TA noxious reflex when compared to WT mice. While T3 conditioning stimulation in the WT group inhibited noxious TA reflex temporal summation after SCI, this stimulus strongly excited TA reflex temporal summation in maLPA1‐null mice. The functional switch from descending inhibition to maladaptive facilitation of central excitability of spinal nociception demonstrated in maLPA1‐null mice after SCI was unrelated to a general change in reflex activity.
Conclusions
These data suggest that the LPA1 receptor is necessary for inhibition of temporal summation of noxious reflex activity, partly mediated via long‐tract descending modulatory systems acting at the spinal level.