The effect of subchronic oral exposure to zearalenone on hematologic and biochemical analytes, and the blood redox status of adult rabbit bucks

• Published in: Veterinary clinical pathology Vol. 48; no. 2; pp. 328 - 334
• Main Authors: Tsouloufi, Theodora K., Tsakmakidis, Ioannis A., Tsousis, Georgios, Papaioannou, Nikolaos, Tzika, Eleni, Kritsepi‐Konstantinou, Maria
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01-06-2019
• Subjects: Analytical chemistry; Aspartate aminotransferase; Bilirubin; Blood; Body weight; Calcium; clinical biochemistry; complete blood count; Creatinine; Exposure; Feeds; Inflammation; male rabbit; Monocytes; mycotoxin; Oral administration; Oxidative stress; Potassium; Sodium; Urea; Zearalenone; mycotoxin; clinical biochemistry; male rabbit; oxidative stress; complete blood count
• ISSN: 0275-6382; 1939-165X
• DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12722

Background
Zearalenone (ZEN) is a mycoestrogen with a ubiquitous presence in animal feeds, which also has hematotoxic, hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic, and immunotoxic properties. However, there is a paucity of literature that discusses the effects of ZEN on rabbits.
Objectives
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a prolonged, low‐level (50 μg ZEN/kg body weight) exposure on the clinicopathologic and redox status analytes of rabbit bucks.
Methods
Ten adult bucks were included in the study. Each underwent a 7‐week control period, followed by a 7‐week exposure period. Water or ZEN solutions were daily administered orally (0.5 mL) during the control and exposure periods, respectively. Blood samples were collected weekly for Complete Blood Counts, serum biochemical analyte and reactive oxygen metabolite (ROM) measurements. Data were analyzed using a mixed model, and the level of significance was set at a P of <0.05.
Results
During the ZEN exposure period, significant increases were noted in the red blood cell distribution width (RDW) and mean platelet volumes (MPVs), as well as in the white blood cell, monocyte, and eosinophil counts. Significant increases were observed in aspartate aminotransferase and total bilirubin, whereas urea, creatinine, glucose, total calcium, sodium, and potassium concentrations were significantly decreased. The ROM concentrations did not differ significantly between the control and ZEN exposure periods.
Conclusions
Under the present experimental conditions, ZEN affected some of the clinicopathologic analytes of adult rabbit bucks; these changes were mostly indicative of mild hepatocellular damage and dysfunction, inflammatory and/or allergic responses, and renal tubular damage. A ZEN dose of 50 μg/kg body weight did not seem to affect the blood redox status of bucks, as evaluated by the ROM concentrations.