RT‐PCR quantification of periodontal pathogens in crack users and non‐users

• Published in: Oral diseases Vol. 23; no. 3; pp. 324 - 330
• Main Authors: Casarin, M, Antoniazzi, RP, Vaucher, RA, Feldens, CA, Zanatta, FB
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Denmark Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01-04-2017
• Subjects: Adult; Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; Bacteria; Case-Control Studies; Cocaine; Cocaine-Related Disorders - epidemiology; Cocaine-Related Disorders - microbiology; cocaine/crack; Crack Cocaine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dentistry; Drug use; drug users; Female; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Gum disease; Hemoglobin; Humans; Male; microorganisms; periodontitis; Periodontitis - epidemiology; Periodontium - microbiology; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Prevalence; Prevotella intermedia; Real‐time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Young Adult; Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction; cocaine/crack; microorganisms; drug users; periodontitis
• ISSN: 1354-523X; 1601-0825
• DOI: 10.1111/odi.12609

Objective
To compare counts of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum between crack users and non‐users.
Materials and methods
A cross‐sectional study was conducted involving seventy‐four crack cocaine users and eighty‐one non‐users matched for age, gender and tobacco use. Demographic and clinical variables were analysed. Subgingival bacterial samples were collected from four sites with the greatest probing depths and were analysed using real‐time polymerase chain reaction.
Results
No significant difference was found in the prevalence of total counts for each bacterial species analysed between groups. However, crack users had a 1.85 (95% CI: 1.03–3.31), 2.19 (95% CI 1.24–3.88), 2.53 (95% CI 1.27–5.04) and 2.40 (95% CI 1.22–4.75) greater probability of having the higher counts (≥75th percentile) for Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia and Fusobacterium nucleatum, respectively.
Conclusion
Although some crack users had higher (>75th percentile) bacterial counts for Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia and Fusobacterium nucleatum, total counts did not differ between crack users and non‐users, leading to the hypothesis that the higher occurrence of periodontitis on crack users may be related to other non‐bacterial factors.