Implementation of zoning to guide management of foot and mouth disease in Tunisia

• Published in: Transboundary and emerging diseases Vol. 69; no. 3; pp. 1338 - 1348
• Main Authors: Mtaallah, Oumaima, Squarzoni‐Diaw, Cécile, Kalthoum, Sana, Bouguedour, Rachid, Muñoz, Facundo, Tran, Annelise, Coste, Caroline
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Germany Hindawi Limited 01-05-2022; Wiley-Blackwell
• Subjects: Animal biology; Animal diseases; Animal health; animal movements; Barriers; Borders; Environmental Sciences; Foot & mouth disease; foot and mouth disease; Geographic information systems; Life Sciences; multicriteria evaluation approach; Multiple criterion; North Africa; Railways; Remote sensing; spatial model; Transportation networks; Uncertainty analysis; Veterinary medicine and animal Health; Zoning; zoning approach; Tunisia; foot and mouth disease; multicriteria evaluation approach; North Africa; spatial model; animal movements; zoning approach; Afrique du Nord
• ISSN: 1865-1674; 1865-1682
• DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14101

Summary
The World Organisation for Animal Health advocates the zoning approach for the surveillance and monitoring of foot and mouth disease (FMD), a highly contagious animal disease. Our purpose is to implement the zoning approach in Tunisia by identifying existing natural and artificial barriers to the movement of live animals. A Geographic Information System (GIS)‐based MultiCriteria Evaluation approach was developed. Eight national and international experts were asked to identify the barriers and prioritize them, characterized by a percentage weight between 0 and 100. These barriers were mapped and combined, taking into account their relative importance, to create a friction map that makes it possible to visualize areas where animal movements are restricted. Uncertainty analysis was performed to assess the robustness of the model. The results showed that the selected barriers were in order of decreasing importance: maritime borders with a weight of 33.5%, rivers (13.8%), slopes equal to or greater than 10% (13.8%), wetlands (13.3%), forests (7.7%), land borders (7.7%), railway networks (5%) and main roads (4.9%). The Cap Bon zone is the only favourable zoning area for the control of FMD in Tunisia. A regional approach resulting from this work could be a major asset in identifying regions suitable for zoning in North Africa.