Histiocytic neoplasms: a brief review and differential diagnosis

• Published in: Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hematopathology Vol. 64; no. 3; pp. 156 - 165
• Main Authors: Yamada, Rin, Komohara, Yoshihiro
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Japan Japanese Society of Lymphoma Research 01-01-2024; JSLRT
• Subjects: ALK-positive histiocytosis; Diagnosis, Differential; Erdheim-Chester disease; Erdheim-Chester Disease - diagnosis; Erdheim-Chester Disease - pathology; histiocytic sarcoma; Histiocytic Sarcoma - diagnosis; Histiocytic Sarcoma - pathology; Humans; juvenile xanthogranuloma; Review; Rosai-Dorfman disease; Xanthogranuloma, Juvenile - diagnosis; Xanthogranuloma, Juvenile - pathology; histiocytic sarcoma; Erdheim-Chester disease; ALK-positive histiocytosis; juvenile xanthogranuloma; Rosai-Dorfman disease
• ISSN: 1346-4280; 1880-9952
• DOI: 10.3960/jslrt.24031

Histiocytic neoplasms (HNs) include juvenile xanthogranuloma, Erdheim-Chester disease, Rosai-Dorfman disease, ALK-positive histiocytosis, and histiocytic sarcoma in the 5th edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Haematolymphoid Tumours. These entities are clinicopathologically distinctive, and typical histological findings have been established. However, the common feature of a proliferation of histiocytic cells often leads to morphological overlap among HNs, and also necessitates a differential diagnosis from several non-HNs or non-neoplastic conditions. In this review, we provide a brief summary of the clinical findings, molecular features, histopathologies, and immunophenotypes of HNs, as well as to discuss their differential diagnosis.