Dry hyperbaric welding of HSLA steel up to 35 bar ambient pressure with CMT arc mode

• Published in: International journal of advanced manufacturing technology Vol. 105; no. 5-6; pp. 2659 - 2676
• Main Authors: Bunaziv, Ivan, Aune, Ragnhild, Olden, Vigdis, Akselsen, Odd M.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Springer London 01-12-2019; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Alloying; Arc welding; CAE) and Design; Chemical analysis; Cold flow; Computer simulation; Computer-Aided Engineering (CAD; Cooling rate; Engineering; Ferrites; Hardenability; Heat treating; High strength low alloy steels; Inclusions; Industrial and Production Engineering; Maintenance; Mechanical Engineering; Media Management; Microstructure; Nucleation; Organic chemistry; Original Article; Penetration depth; Pressure effects; Process parameters; Structural steels; Underwater pipelines; Underwater structures; Weld metal; Welding parameters; Wire; Numerical simulation; Cold metal transfer; Microstructure; Non-metallic inclusions; Dry hyperbaric welding; HSLA steel
• ISSN: 0268-3768; 1433-3015
• DOI: 10.1007/s00170-019-04511-6

Hyperbaric welding plays a significant role in subsea pipeline installations and repairs for transport of oil and gas from the offshore field to the market. The effect of ambient pressure, from 1 to 35 bar, on penetration depth and microstructure evolution in dry hyperbaric welding of X70 pipeline steel has been investigated. It was found that penetration depth is increasing with increased ambient pressure due to enhanced melt flow by using the cold metal transfer (CMT) arc mode. Increase ambient pressure lowered process stability causing more spattering strongly affecting current/voltage characteristics of the arc. Numerical simulation showed very fast cooling rate regardless ambient pressure effect causing hard microstructure. Application of lower alloyed wire provided lower hardenability and higher fraction of the allotriomorphic ferrite with high acicular ferrite volume fraction. Chemical analysis revealed positive effect of low oxygen/nickel with high silicon containing wire for acicular ferrite nucleation in weld metal at any process parameters due to higher activity of inclusions.