Age-related disease burden in Indian population

• Published in: Journal of the National Medical Association Vol. 112; no. 1; pp. 57 - 73
• Main Authors: Ganguly, Bani Bandana, Kadam, Nitin N.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01-02-2020; Elsevier Limited
• Subjects: Age groups; Aged; Aging; Aging - physiology; Cost of Illness; Demographics; Disease; Epidemiology; Female; Geriatric Assessment - methods; Geriatric Assessment - statistics & numerical data; Geriatric diseases; Geriatrics; Health care; Hospitals; Humans; India - epidemiology; Indian population; Life Expectancy; Male; Medical education; Middle Aged; Mortality; Needs Assessment; Noncommunicable Diseases - economics; Noncommunicable Diseases - epidemiology; Noncommunicable Diseases - therapy; Older people; Population; Segregation; Sex Factors; Socioeconomic Factors; Statistical analysis; Stem cells; Variance analysis; India; Aging; Indian population; Geriatric diseases
• ISSN: 0027-9684; 1943-4693
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jnma.2019.10.001

Aging is not just a consequence of wear-and-tear, but it is the inappropriate regenerative mechanism of the stem cells. Aging is directly proportional to increase in health-problems involving all organs and physiological systems – more of non-communicable types. On the other hand, medical advancement and awareness about health-care are increasing the life expectancy, which could outnumber the young generation or the mainstream of work-force gradually. Hence, understanding of disease-prevalence is essential with a view to making necessary medical, environmental and economic arrangements and offering holistic care to the older population.
Records of medical consultancies of outpatient departments (OPD) were retrieved from the hospital database and considered for understanding the disease-prevalence in the geriatric population.
Over 47000 subjects of 60 years and above were categorized into eight age-groups and analyzed for age-related disease-prevalence in both males and females.
Approximately 25% were affected with cardiovascular system followed by 20% with general complication of cold/cough/fever and GI-disorientation. A uniform damage was observed in systems such as gastro-/neuro-/nephro-/ophthalmic and urology in both genders. Males were more prone to cardiac, nephorologic and urologic problems whereas females were more affected with musculo-skeletal problems than men. In general, men were more affected with geriatric diseases.
Cardiovascular disorder after 60 years onwards could be related to stress for transition from ‘income-to-no-income’ state and lack of financial and other preparedness. Significant osteoarthritis problem in females is undoubtedly associated with ageing of ovaries. An intensive medical intervention following hospital-admission and outcome will guide for building age-friendly, long-stay and isolated accommodation, which could be considered for low- and middle-income countries as a model for handling geriatric disease burden.