Rapid, traceless and facile peptide cyclization enabled by tetrazine‐thiol exchange

• Published in: Journal of peptide science Vol. 30; no. 3; pp. e3548 - n/a
• Main Authors: Geers, Daniëlle W. T., Gavriel, Katerina, Neumann, Kevin
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01-03-2024
• Subjects: bioorthogonal; click chemistry; Cyclization; Exchanging; Heterocyclic Compounds; peptide cyclization; Peptide libraries; Peptide synthesis; Peptides; Peptides - chemistry; Peptides, Cyclic - chemistry; Protecting groups; Reagents; Resins; Stability; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Sulfides; tetrazines; Thiols; Trifluoroacetic acid; unnatural amino acids; click chemistry; bioorthogonal; peptide cyclization; unnatural amino acids; tetrazines
• ISSN: 1075-2617; 1099-1387
• DOI: 10.1002/psc.3548

Cyclic peptides offer many advantages compared to their linear counterparts, including prolonged stability within the biological environment and enhanced binding affinity. Typically, peptides are cyclized by forming an amide bond, either on‐resin or in solution, through extensive use of orthogonal protecting groups or chemoselective ligation strategies, respectively. Here, we show that the chemoselective tetrazine‐thiol exchange is a powerful tool for rapid in situ cyclization of peptides without the need for additional activation reagents or extensive protecting group reshuffling. The reaction between N‐terminal sulfide‐bearing unsymmetric tetrazines and internal cysteines occurs spontaneously within a mildly acidic environment (pH 6.5) and is of traceless nature. The rapidly available unsymmetric sulfide tetrazine building blocks can be incorporated on resin using standard solid‐phase peptide synthesis protocols and are orthogonal to trifluoroacetic acid cleavage conditions. The cyclized peptides display high stability, even when incubated with a large excess of free thiols. Due to its traceless and mild nature, we expect that the tetrazine‐thiol exchange will be of high value for the in situ formation of cyclic peptide libraries, thus being applicable in drug discovery and development.
The use of chemoselective tetrazine‐thiol exchange (TeTEx) is demonstrated for rapid in situ cyclization of peptides. This method allows cyclization without additional activation reagents or extensive protecting group reshuffling. With its traceless and mild nature, TeTEx will be of high value for the in situ generation of cyclic peptide libraries and other applications in drug discovery.