Giant Piezoelectric Coefficients in Relaxor Piezoelectric Ceramic PNN‐PZT for Vibration Energy Harvesting

• Published in: Advanced functional materials Vol. 28; no. 30
• Main Authors: Gao, Xiangyu, Wu, Jingen, Yu, Yang, Chu, Zhaoqiang, Shi, Huaduo, Dong, Shuxiang
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Hoboken Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 25-07-2018
• Subjects: Ceramics; Coefficients; Energy harvesting; Ferroelectric materials; Ferroelectricity; full set of material constants; Lead titanates; Lead zirconate titanates; Materials science; piezoelectric coefficient e33; Piezoelectricity; PNN‐PZT ceramics; relaxor ferroelectrics; Relaxors; Single crystals; Zirconium
• ISSN: 1616-301X; 1616-3028
• DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201706895

It is well known that the piezoelectric performance of ferroelectric Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT) based ceramics is far inferior to that of ferroelectric single crystals due to ceramics' polycrystalline nature. Herein, it is reported that piezoelectric stress coefficient e33 = 39.24 C m−2 (induced electric displacement under applied strain) in the relaxor piezoelectric ceramic 0.55Pb(Ni1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.135PbZrO3–0.315PbTiO3 (PNN‐PZT) prepared by the solid state reaction method exhibits the highest value among various reported ferroelectric ceramic and single crystal materials. In addition, its piezoelectric coefficient d33* = 1753 pm V−1 is also comparable with that of the commercial Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3‐PbTiO3 (PMN‐PT) piezoelectric single crystal. The PNN‐PZT ceramic is then assembled into a cymbal energy harvester. Notably, its maximum output current at the acceleration of 3.5 g is 2.5 mApp, which is four times of the PMN‐PT single crystal due to the large piezoelectric e33 constants; while the maximum output power is 14.0 mW, which is almost the same as the PMN‐PT single crystal harvester. The theoretical analysis on force‐induced power output is also presented, which indicates PNN‐PZT ceramic has great potential for energy device application.
This study reports the highest piezoelectric stress coefficient e33 = 39.24 C m−2 found in the relaxor 0.55Pb(Ni1/3Nb2/3)O3‐0.135PbZrO3‐0.315PbTiO3 (PNN‐PZT) piezoelectric ceramic. It is further confirmed that a PNN‐PZT ceramic based cymbal energy harvester could produce a current output of 2.5 mApp which is four times of a Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3‐PbTiO3 single crystal energy harvester and the maximum output power of 14 mW.