Development of a nano-modified glassy carbon electrode for the determination of 2,6-diaminotoluene (TDA)

• Published in: Food packaging and shelf life Vol. 29; p. 100714
• Main Authors: Büyüktaş, Duygu, Ghaani, Masoud, Rovera, Cesare, Olsson, Richard T., Korel, Figen, Farris, Stefano
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Ltd 01-09-2021
• Subjects: Electrochemical sensor; Food packaging; Mesoporous carbon nanoparticles; Migration; Multi-walled carbon nanotube; Primary aromatic amines; Food packaging; Electrochemical sensor; Multi-walled carbon nanotube; Mesoporous carbon nanoparticles; Migration; Primary aromatic amines
• ISSN: 2214-2894; 2214-2894
• DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2021.100714

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•2,6-diaminotoluene (TDA) is a possibly carcinogenic primary aromatic amine.•TDA can form in multilayer packaging materials that include polyurethane adhesives.•TDA can migrate as non-intentionally added substance from packaging to food.•A nano-modified electrochemical sensor was developed for rapid detection of TDA.•An excellent high sensitivity and selectivity performance was finally achieved.
The objective of this study was to improve the overall performance of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for the detection of 2,6-diaminotoluene (TDA), a possibly carcinogenic primary aromatic amines (PAAs) that poses a serious risk for the consumer’ health because they can transfer from multilayer food packages including adhesives based on aromatic polyurethane (PU) systems, to the food. The modification of the electrode surface was made by means of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and mesoporous carbon nanoparticles (MCNs). The MWCNTs-MCNs/GCE allowed achieving the best performance in terms of sensitivity, as revealed by cyclic voltammetry – CV, with an oxidation peak of 20.95 μA over 0.079 μA of the bare GCE. The pH of the medium influenced the oxidation of 2,6-TDA, with highest sensitivity at pH ∼7. Amperometry experiments led to an estimated detection limit of 0.129 μM, and three linear ranges were obtained for 2,6-TDA: 0.53–11.37 μM, 11.37–229.36 μM, and 229.36–2326.60 μM. Chronoamperometry experiments combined with Cottrell’s theory allowed estimating a diffusion coefficient of 2,6-TDA of 1.34 × 10−4 cm2s−1. The number of electrons (n∼1) involved in the catalytic oxidation of 2,6-TDA was determined according to the Laviron’s theory. Real sample tests demonstrated that the modification of the sensor using nanoparticls allowed to obtain a highly sensitive and selective sensor, which can possibly used as an alternative analytical device for the rapid, easy, and reliable determination of 2,6-TDA.