Women's pelvic floor muscle strength and urinary and anal incontinence after childbirth: a cross-sectional study

To analyse pelvic floor muscle strength (PFMS) and urinary and anal incontinence (UI and AI) in the postpartum period. Cross-sectional study carried out with women in their first seven months after child birth. Data were collected through interviews, perineometry (Peritron™), and the International C...

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Published in:Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da U S P Vol. 51; p. e03214
Main Authors: Zizzi, Priscila Tavares, Trevisan, Karina Fernandes, Leister, Nathalie, Cruz, Camila da Silva, Riesco, Maria Luiza Gonzalez
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Brazil Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem 2017
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Abstract To analyse pelvic floor muscle strength (PFMS) and urinary and anal incontinence (UI and AI) in the postpartum period. Cross-sectional study carried out with women in their first seven months after child birth. Data were collected through interviews, perineometry (Peritron™), and the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form (ICIQ-SF). 128 women participated in the study. The PFMS mean was 33.1 (SD=16.0) cmH2O and the prevalence of UI and AI was 7.8% and 5.5%, respectively. In the multiple analyses, the variables associated with PFMS were type of birth and cohabitation with a partner. Newborn's weight, previous pregnancy, UI during pregnancy, and sexual activity showed an association with UI after child birth. Only AI prior to pregnancy was associated with AI after childbirth. Vaginal birth predisposes to the reduction of PFMS, and caesarean section had a protective effect to its reduction. The occurrence of UI during pregnancy is a predictor of UI after childbirth, and women with previous pregnancies and newborns with higher weights are more likely to have UI after childbirth.AI prior to pregnancy is the only risk factor for its occurrence after childbirth. Associations between PFMS and cohabitation with a partner, and between UI and sexual activity do not make possible to conclude that these variables are directly associated. Analisar a força dos músculos do assoalho pélvico e a incontinência urinária e anal no período pós-parto. Estudo transversal realizado com mulheres nos primeiros 7 meses após o parto. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista, da perineometria (Peritron™) e do International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form (ICIQ-SF). Participaram do estudo 128 mulheres. A média da força dos músculos do assoalho pélvico foi 33,1 (d.p.=16,0) cmH2O e a prevalência de incontinência urinária e incontinência anal foi de 7,8% e 5,5%, respectivamente. Na análise múltipla, as variáveis associadas à força dos músculos do assoalho pélvico foram tipo de parto atual e coabitação com o parceiro. Peso do recém-nascido, gestação anterior, incontinência urinária na gestação e atividade sexual mostraram associação. Apenas a incontinência anal prévia à gestação associou-se à incontinência anal após o parto. O parto vaginal predispõe à redução da força dos músculos do assoalho pélvico, e a cesariana exerce função protetora à sua redução. A ocorrência de incontinência urinária na gestação é preditora da incontinência urinária após o parto, e as mulheres com gestação anterior e recém-nascido de maior peso têm maior propensão em apresentar incontinência urinária após o parto. Incontinência anal prévia à gestação é o único fator de risco para sua ocorrência após o parto. As associações entre força dos músculos do assoalho pélvico e coabitação com o parceiro e entre incontinência urinária e atividade sexual não permitem concluir que essas variáveis estejam diretamente relacionadas.
AbstractList Abstract OBJECTIVE To analyse pelvic floor muscle strength (PFMS) and urinary and anal incontinence (UI and AI) in the postpartum period. METHOD Cross-sectional study carried out with women in their first seven months after child birth. Data were collected through interviews, perineometry (Peritron™), and the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form (ICIQ-SF). RESULTS 128 women participated in the study. The PFMS mean was 33.1 (SD=16.0) cmH2O and the prevalence of UI and AI was 7.8% and 5.5%, respectively. In the multiple analyses, the variables associated with PFMS were type of birth and cohabitation with a partner. Newborn’s weight, previous pregnancy, UI during pregnancy, and sexual activity showed an association with UI after child birth. Only AI prior to pregnancy was associated with AI after childbirth. CONCLUSION Vaginal birth predisposes to the reduction of PFMS, and caesarean section had a protective effect to its reduction. The occurrence of UI during pregnancy is a predictor of UI after childbirth, and women with previous pregnancies and newborns with higher weights are more likely to have UI after childbirth.AI prior to pregnancy is the only risk factor for its occurrence after childbirth. Associations between PFMS and cohabitation with a partner, and between UI and sexual activity do not make possible to conclude that these variables are directly associated. Resumo OBJETIVO Analisar a força dos músculos do assoalho pélvico e a incontinência urinária e anal no período pós-parto. MÉTODO Estudo transversal realizado com mulheres nos primeiros 7 meses após o parto. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista, da perineometria (Peritron™) e do International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form (ICIQ-SF). RESULTADOS Participaram do estudo 128 mulheres. A média da força dos músculos do assoalho pélvico foi 33,1 (d.p.=16,0) cmH2O e a prevalência de incontinência urinária e incontinência anal foi de 7,8% e 5,5%, respectivamente. Na análise múltipla, as variáveis associadas à força dos músculos do assoalho pélvico foram tipo de parto atual e coabitação com o parceiro. Peso do recém-nascido, gestação anterior, incontinência urinária na gestação e atividade sexual mostraram associação. Apenas a incontinência anal prévia à gestação associou-se à incontinência anal após o parto. CONCLUSÃO O parto vaginal predispõe à redução da força dos músculos do assoalho pélvico, e a cesariana exerce função protetora à sua redução. A ocorrência de incontinência urinária na gestação é preditora da incontinência urinária após o parto, e as mulheres com gestação anterior e recém-nascido de maior peso têm maior propensão em apresentar incontinência urinária após o parto. Incontinência anal prévia à gestação é o único fator de risco para sua ocorrência após o parto. As associações entre força dos músculos do assoalho pélvico e coabitação com o parceiro e entre incontinência urinária e atividade sexual não permitem concluir que essas variáveis estejam diretamente relacionadas. Resumen OBJETIVO Analizar la fuerza de los músculos del suelo pélvico y la incontinencia urinaria y anal en el período post parto. MÉTODO Estudio transversal realizado con mujeres los primeros siete meses después del parto. Los datos fueron recolectados por medio de entrevista, de la perineometría (Peritron™) y del International Consultationon Incontinence Questionnaire - Short Form(ICIQ-SF). RESULTADOS Participaron en el estudio 128 mujeres. El promedio de la fuerza de los músculos del suelo pélvico fue 33,1 (d.p.=16,0) cmH2O y la prevalencia de incontinencia urinaria e incontinencia anal fue del 7,8%, respectivamente. En el análisis múltiple, las variables asociadas con la fuerza de los músculos del suelo pélvico fueron el tipo de parto actual y la cohabitación con la pareja. Peso del recién nacido, gestación anterior, incontinencia urinaria en la gestación y actividad sexual mostraron asociación. Solo la incontinencia anal previa a la gestación se asoció con la incontinencia anal después del parto. CONCLUSIÓN El parto vaginal predispone la reducción de la fuerza de los músculos del suelo pélvico, y la cesárea ejerce función protectora a su reducción. La ocurrencia de incontinencia urinaria en la gestación es predictora de la incontinencia urinaria después del parto, y las mujeres con gestación anterior y recién nacido de mayor peso tienen mayor propensión a presentar incontinencia urinaria tras el parto. Incontinencia anal previa a la gestación es el único factor de riesgo para su ocurrencia después del parto. Las asociaciones entre fuerza de los músculos del suelo pélvico y cohabitación con la pareja y entre incontinencia urinaria y actividad sexual no permiten concluir que dichas variables estén directamente relacionadas.
Abstract OBJECTIVE To analyse pelvic floor muscle strength (PFMS) and urinary and anal incontinence (UI and AI) in the postpartum period. METHOD Cross-sectional study carried out with women in their first seven months after child birth. Data were collected through interviews, perineometry (Peritron™), and the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form (ICIQ-SF). RESULTS 128 women participated in the study. The PFMS mean was 33.1 (SD=16.0) cmH2O and the prevalence of UI and AI was 7.8% and 5.5%, respectively. In the multiple analyses, the variables associated with PFMS were type of birth and cohabitation with a partner. Newborn’s weight, previous pregnancy, UI during pregnancy, and sexual activity showed an association with UI after child birth. Only AI prior to pregnancy was associated with AI after childbirth. CONCLUSION Vaginal birth predisposes to the reduction of PFMS, and caesarean section had a protective effect to its reduction. The occurrence of UI during pregnancy is a predictor of UI after childbirth, and women with previous pregnancies and newborns with higher weights are more likely to have UI after childbirth.AI prior to pregnancy is the only risk factor for its occurrence after childbirth. Associations between PFMS and cohabitation with a partner, and between UI and sexual activity do not make possible to conclude that these variables are directly associated.
To analyse pelvic floor muscle strength (PFMS) and urinary and anal incontinence (UI and AI) in the postpartum period. Cross-sectional study carried out with women in their first seven months after child birth. Data were collected through interviews, perineometry (Peritron™), and the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form (ICIQ-SF). 128 women participated in the study. The PFMS mean was 33.1 (SD=16.0) cmH2O and the prevalence of UI and AI was 7.8% and 5.5%, respectively. In the multiple analyses, the variables associated with PFMS were type of birth and cohabitation with a partner. Newborn's weight, previous pregnancy, UI during pregnancy, and sexual activity showed an association with UI after child birth. Only AI prior to pregnancy was associated with AI after childbirth. Vaginal birth predisposes to the reduction of PFMS, and caesarean section had a protective effect to its reduction. The occurrence of UI during pregnancy is a predictor of UI after childbirth, and women with previous pregnancies and newborns with higher weights are more likely to have UI after childbirth.AI prior to pregnancy is the only risk factor for its occurrence after childbirth. Associations between PFMS and cohabitation with a partner, and between UI and sexual activity do not make possible to conclude that these variables are directly associated. Analisar a força dos músculos do assoalho pélvico e a incontinência urinária e anal no período pós-parto. Estudo transversal realizado com mulheres nos primeiros 7 meses após o parto. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista, da perineometria (Peritron™) e do International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form (ICIQ-SF). Participaram do estudo 128 mulheres. A média da força dos músculos do assoalho pélvico foi 33,1 (d.p.=16,0) cmH2O e a prevalência de incontinência urinária e incontinência anal foi de 7,8% e 5,5%, respectivamente. Na análise múltipla, as variáveis associadas à força dos músculos do assoalho pélvico foram tipo de parto atual e coabitação com o parceiro. Peso do recém-nascido, gestação anterior, incontinência urinária na gestação e atividade sexual mostraram associação. Apenas a incontinência anal prévia à gestação associou-se à incontinência anal após o parto. O parto vaginal predispõe à redução da força dos músculos do assoalho pélvico, e a cesariana exerce função protetora à sua redução. A ocorrência de incontinência urinária na gestação é preditora da incontinência urinária após o parto, e as mulheres com gestação anterior e recém-nascido de maior peso têm maior propensão em apresentar incontinência urinária após o parto. Incontinência anal prévia à gestação é o único fator de risco para sua ocorrência após o parto. As associações entre força dos músculos do assoalho pélvico e coabitação com o parceiro e entre incontinência urinária e atividade sexual não permitem concluir que essas variáveis estejam diretamente relacionadas.
OBJECTIVETo analyse pelvic floor muscle strength (PFMS) and urinary and anal incontinence (UI and AI) in the postpartum period. METHODCross-sectional study carried out with women in their first seven months after child birth. Data were collected through interviews, perineometry (Peritron™), and the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form (ICIQ-SF). RESULTS128 women participated in the study. The PFMS mean was 33.1 (SD=16.0) cmH2O and the prevalence of UI and AI was 7.8% and 5.5%, respectively. In the multiple analyses, the variables associated with PFMS were type of birth and cohabitation with a partner. Newborn's weight, previous pregnancy, UI during pregnancy, and sexual activity showed an association with UI after child birth. Only AI prior to pregnancy was associated with AI after childbirth. CONCLUSIONVaginal birth predisposes to the reduction of PFMS, and caesarean section had a protective effect to its reduction. The occurrence of UI during pregnancy is a predictor of UI after childbirth, and women with previous pregnancies and newborns with higher weights are more likely to have UI after childbirth.AI prior to pregnancy is the only risk factor for its occurrence after childbirth. Associations between PFMS and cohabitation with a partner, and between UI and sexual activity do not make possible to conclude that these variables are directly associated. OBJETIVOAnalisar a força dos músculos do assoalho pélvico e a incontinência urinária e anal no período pós-parto. MÉTODOEstudo transversal realizado com mulheres nos primeiros 7 meses após o parto. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista, da perineometria (Peritron™) e do International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form (ICIQ-SF). RESULTADOSParticiparam do estudo 128 mulheres. A média da força dos músculos do assoalho pélvico foi 33,1 (d.p.=16,0) cmH2O e a prevalência de incontinência urinária e incontinência anal foi de 7,8% e 5,5%, respectivamente. Na análise múltipla, as variáveis associadas à força dos músculos do assoalho pélvico foram tipo de parto atual e coabitação com o parceiro. Peso do recém-nascido, gestação anterior, incontinência urinária na gestação e atividade sexual mostraram associação. Apenas a incontinência anal prévia à gestação associou-se à incontinência anal após o parto. CONCLUSÃOO parto vaginal predispõe à redução da força dos músculos do assoalho pélvico, e a cesariana exerce função protetora à sua redução. A ocorrência de incontinência urinária na gestação é preditora da incontinência urinária após o parto, e as mulheres com gestação anterior e recém-nascido de maior peso têm maior propensão em apresentar incontinência urinária após o parto. Incontinência anal prévia à gestação é o único fator de risco para sua ocorrência após o parto. As associações entre força dos músculos do assoalho pélvico e coabitação com o parceiro e entre incontinência urinária e atividade sexual não permitem concluir que essas variáveis estejam diretamente relacionadas.
Author Cruz, Camila da Silva
Trevisan, Karina Fernandes
Zizzi, Priscila Tavares
Leister, Nathalie
Riesco, Maria Luiza Gonzalez
AuthorAffiliation Universidade de São Paulo
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  givenname: Camila da Silva
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  organization: Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem, Departamento de Enfermagem Materno-Infantil e Psiquiátrica, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Keywords Incontinencia Urinaria
Postpartum Period
Período Pós-Parto
Periodo Posparto
Enfermagem Obstétrica
Incontinencia Fecal
Enfermería Obstétrica
Incontinência Fecal
Força Muscular
Incontinência Urinária
Fecal Incontinence
Obstetric Nursing
Urinary Incontinence
Muscle Strength
Fuerza Muscular
Language English
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Snippet To analyse pelvic floor muscle strength (PFMS) and urinary and anal incontinence (UI and AI) in the postpartum period. Cross-sectional study carried out with...
Abstract OBJECTIVE To analyse pelvic floor muscle strength (PFMS) and urinary and anal incontinence (UI and AI) in the postpartum period. METHOD...
OBJECTIVETo analyse pelvic floor muscle strength (PFMS) and urinary and anal incontinence (UI and AI) in the postpartum period. METHODCross-sectional study...
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SubjectTerms Adolescent
Adult
Cross-Sectional Studies
Delivery, Obstetric
Enfermagem Obstétrica
Fecal Incontinence - epidemiology
Fecal Incontinence - physiopathology
Female
Força Muscular
Humans
Incontinência Fecal
Incontinência Urinária
Muscle Strength
NURSING
Pelvic Floor - physiology
Período Pós-Parto
Pregnancy
Pregnancy Complications - physiopathology
Urinary Incontinence - epidemiology
Urinary Incontinence - physiopathology
Young Adult
Title Women's pelvic floor muscle strength and urinary and anal incontinence after childbirth: a cross-sectional study
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28403368
https://search.proquest.com/docview/1887431679
http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0080-62342017000100416&lng=en&tlng=en
https://doaj.org/article/213cc459b0e7411c87dfbaf1061b1730
Volume 51
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