Identification and visualisation of microplastics by Raman mapping

• Published in: Analytica chimica acta Vol. 1077; pp. 191 - 199
• Main Authors: Sobhani, Zahra, Al Amin, Md, Naidu, Ravi, Megharaj, Mallavarapu, Fang, Cheng
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 24-10-2019; Elsevier BV
• Subjects: Contaminants; Contamination; Fingerprint spectrum; Fluorescence; Focal plane; Identification; Infrared analysis; Interference; Mapping; Microplastic; Microplastics; Oceans; Organic matter; Polyethylene; Polyethylene terephthalate; Polypropylene; Polystyrene; Polystyrene resins; Polyvinyl chloride; Raman mapping; Sample preparation; Sandy soils; Sediments; Soil contamination; Soil mapping; Soils; Visualisation; Visualization; Wastewater; Visualisation; Identification; Raman mapping; Microplastic; Fingerprint spectrum; Contamination
• ISSN: 0003-2670; 1873-4324
• DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.05.021

Recently, microplastics (MP) have emerged as global contaminants of serious concern to human and ecological health. However, identification and visualisation of MP are still a challenge, whether from wastewater, oceans, sediment or soil. Particularly when MP are mapped to visualise their distribution, the background signal from sediment and soil might be high and shield the MP signal from the analysis. Raman has recently received increasing attention, as the complementary spectrum of infrared (IR), because it can overcome the drawbacks of IR analysis including water interference, low lateral resolution and a complex spectrum. Here we show that Raman can identify and visualise MP from a soil/sand background, with almost no sample preparation, no dye, no destruction of the sample and no interference from water/organic matter/fluorescence background signals as well. By mapping image via their characteristic and fingerprint peaks, MP including polystyrene (PS), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polypropylene (PP) can be individually identified and visualised. The lateral resolution along the focal plane is 1 μm/pixel to catch small MP down to 1 μm.
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•Raman can identify and visualise 5 different microplastics simultaneously.•Almost no sample preparation and no destruction of the sample, no interference from water/organic matter/fluorescence.•The lateral resolution is 1 μm/pixel to catch small microplastic down to 1 μm.