Early origins of ethnic disparities in cardiovascular risk factors

• Published in: Preventive medicine Vol. 76; pp. 84 - 91
• Main Authors: Gishti, Olta, Gaillard, Romy, Felix, Janine F, Bouthoorn, Selma, Steegers, Eric, Raat, Hein, Hofman, Albert, Duijts, Liesbeth, Franco, Oscar H, Jaddoe, Vincent W.V
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01-07-2015
• Subjects: Body Mass Index; Cabo Verde - ethnology; Cardiovascular Diseases - ethnology; Child; Child Development - physiology; Child, Preschool; Ethnicity; Female; Health Status Disparities; Humans; Hypertension; Insulin; Internal Medicine; Lipids; Lipids - blood; Male; Netherlands; Pediatrics; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; Suriname - ethnology; Turkey - ethnology; Hypertension; Pediatrics; SDS; OR; Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; Lipids; DXA; Insulin; Body mass index; Ethnicity; Standard deviation scores; Odds ratio; BMI
• ISSN: 0091-7435; 1096-0260
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.03.027

Abstract Background Not much is known about the ethnic differences in cardiovascular risk factors during childhood in European countries. We examined the ethnic differences in childhood cardiovascular risk factors in the Netherlands. Methods In a multi-ethnic population-based prospective cohort study, we measured blood pressure, left ventricular mass, and levels of cholesterol, triglyceride and insulin at the median age of 6.2 years. Results As compared to Dutch children, Cape Verdean and Turkish children had a higher blood pressure, whereas Cape Verdean, Surinamese-Creole and Turkish children had higher total-cholesterol levels (p-values < 0.05). Turkish children had higher triglyceride levels, but lower insulin levels than Dutch children (p-values < 0.05). As compared to Dutch children, only Turkish children had an increased risk of clustering of cardiovascular risk factors (odds ratio: 2.45 (95% confidence interval 1.18, 3.37)). Parental pre-pregnancy factors explained up to 50% of the ethnic differences in childhood risk factors. In addition to these factors, pregnancy and childhood factors and childhood BMI explained up to 50%, 12.5% and 61.1%, respectively. Conclusions Our results suggest that compared to Dutch children, Cape Verdean, Surinamese-Creole and Turkish children have an adverse cardiovascular profile. These differences are largely explained by parental pre-pregnancy factors, pregnancy factors and childhood BMI.