Macrophage Phenotype Induced by Circulating Small Extracellular Vesicles from Women with Endometriosis

• Published in: Biomolecules (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 14; no. 7; p. 737
• Main Authors: Martínez-Zamora, María Angeles, Armengol-Badia, Olga, Quintas-Marquès, Lara, Carmona, Francisco, Closa, Daniel
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 01-07-2024
• Subjects: Body mass index; Cell activation; Cell differentiation; Cytokines; Development and progression; Endometriosis; Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; Extracellular vesicles; Genetic aspects; Genotype & phenotype; Gynecology; IL-1β; Immune system; Infertility; Infrared imaging systems; Laparoscopy; Lipopolysaccharides; Macrophages; Magnetic resonance imaging; Monocytes; Nanoparticles; Pathogenesis; Patients; Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors; Phenotypes; Plasma; Polarization; Proteins; Reproductive sterilization; Rosiglitazone; small extracellular vesicles; Womens health; Spain; United States > US; endometriosis; macrophages; small extracellular vesicles
• ISSN: 2218-273X; 2218-273X
• DOI: 10.3390/biom14070737

Evidence suggests that immune system dysfunction and macrophages are involved in the disease establishment and progression of endometriosis. Among the factors involved in this alteration in macrophage activity, Small Extracellular Vesicles (sEVs) have been described to play a role favoring the switch to a specific phenotype with controversial results. This study aims to investigate the potential effect of circulating sEVs in the plasma of well-characterized patients with endometriosis on the polarization of macrophages. sEVs were isolated from the plasma of patients diagnosed with endometriosis confirmed by histopathological analysis. Two groups of patients were recruited: the endometriosis group consisted of patients diagnosed with endometriosis by imaging testing (gynecological ultrasonography and/or magnetic resonance imaging), confirmed by histopathologic study (n = 12), and the control group included patients who underwent laparoscopy for tubal sterilization without presurgical suspicion of endometriosis and without endometriosis or signs of any inflammatory pelvic condition during surgery (n = 12). Human THP1 monocytic cells were differentiated into macrophages, and the effect of sEVs on cell uptake and macrophage polarization was evaluated by fluorescent labeling and measurement of the
,
,
, and
expression, respectively. Although no changes in cell uptake were detected, sEVs from endometriosis induced a polarization of macrophages toward an M2 phenotype, characterized by lower
and
expression and a tendency to increase
and
levels. When macrophages were stimulated with lipopolysaccharides, less activation was also detected after treatment with endometriosis sEVs. Finally, endometriosis sEVs also induced the expression of the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARG); however, treatment with rosiglitazone, a PPARG agonist, had no effect on the change in macrophage phenotype. We conclude that circulating sEVs in women with endometriosis have a certain capacity to shift the activation state of macrophages toward an M2 phenotype, but this does not modify the uptake level or the response to PPARG ligands.