Convection of heat and thermodynamic irreversibilities in two-phase, turbulent nanofluid flows in solar heaters by corrugated absorber plates

• Published in: Advanced powder technology : the international journal of the Society of Powder Technology, Japan Vol. 29; no. 9; pp. 2243 - 2254
• Main Authors: Akbarzadeh, M., Rashidi, S., Karimi, N., Ellahi, R.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier B.V 01-09-2018
• Subjects: Corrugated walls; Multi-phase mixture; Nanoparticles; Solar heater; Turbulent; Nanoparticles; Multi-phase mixture; Turbulent; Solar heater; Corrugated walls
• ISSN: 0921-8831; 1568-5527
• DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2018.06.009

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•The turbulent flow inside the corrugated channels is investigated.•The corrugated walls upon solar heaters are taken into account.•The multi-phase mixture model is used.•The validations of obtained results are also presented.•Impact of sundry parameters is examined via graphs and tables.
The effects of simultaneous implementation of corrugated walls and nanoparticles upon the performance of solar heaters are investigated. Triangular and sinusoidal wall profiles along with varying concentration of nanoparticles are analyzed. The multi-phase mixture and the SST κ-ω models are used to simulate turbulent nanofluid flows inside the corrugated channels. The staggered computational grid is employed for storing the velocity and pressure terms at cell faces and cell center, respectively. The governing equations are first discretized by employing a second-order upwind differencing technique and are then solved by means of pressure-based finite volume approach. The convergence criterion is also presented for the validation of obtained results. The effects of wall profiles and nanoparticle concentration on the pertinent parameters including Nusselt number, pressure drop, performance evaluation criterion (PEC), and thermal and frictional irreversibilities are studied. This reveals that, in general, the triangular duct features superior heat transfer and inferior hydraulic characteristics in comparison with the sinusoidal duct. It is demonstrated that as long as the base fluid (water) is used the highest value of PEC corresponds to the straight duct. Yet, by introducing nanofluids the PEC values of the corrugated ducts exceed those of the straight duct. The analysis further shows that on the basis of the performance evaluation criterion, the sinusoidal duct appears to be a better choice in comparison with the triangular duct. However, the situation is reversed when thermodynamic irreversibilities are considered. It is argued that vortex formation in the two investigated wavy walls and shear layer developed in the triangular case are the essential physical reasons for the observed thermal, hydraulic and entropic behaviors.