Response of turkey poults to soybean lectin levels typically encountered in commercial diets. 1. Effect on growth and nutrient digestibility

• Published in: Poultry science Vol. 83; no. 9; pp. 1559 - 1571
• Main Authors: Fasina, Y.O, Garlich, J.D, Classen, H.L, Ferket, P.R, Havenstein, G.B, Grimes, J.L, Qureshi, M.A, Christensen, V.L
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Oxford University Press 01-09-2004
• Subjects: alpha-glucosidase; Animals; Antibodies - blood; antibody formation; antinutritional factors; dietary carbohydrate; dietary fat; Dietary Proteins - administration & dosage; Dietary Proteins - immunology; digestibility; Digestion - physiology; digestive enzymes; Digestive System Physiological Phenomena; duodenum; enzyme activity; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; experimental diets; Feces - chemistry; Female; ileum; jejunum; lectins; microvilli; Microvilli - enzymology; mortality; Organ Size - drug effects; Pancreas - drug effects; Plant Lectins - administration & dosage; Plant Lectins - immunology; poults; soybean meal; Soybean Proteins - administration & dosage; Soybean Proteins - immunology; Spectrophotometry; starch; starter diets; sucrose alpha-glucosidase; turkey feeding; Turkeys - growth & development
• ISSN: 0032-5791; 1525-3171
• DOI: 10.1093/ps/83.9.1559

Lectins are known to bind to the intestinal brush border membrane and induce antinutritional effects such as disruption of the brush border membrane (BBM) and reduced nutrient digestibility in laboratory rodents. Because soybean lectin (SBL) is usually present in poult starter diets, 2 similar experiments with starting turkey poults were conducted to investigate the effects of purified SBL on growth performance and nutrient digestibility. Experimental diets were a corn starch-casein based control (lectin-free) semipurified diet (PD), semipurified diets containing 0.024 or 0.048% soybean lectin (PDL, PDH), and a corn-soybean meal diet (SBD). Experimental diets were fed from hatch to 14 d. Antibodies specific for soybean lectin were detected in the serum of poults fed the PDL and PDH diets, implying that the SBL in these diets remained active in the digestive tract. Poults fed the control PD or SBD grew equally well. The 0.024% SBL level in PDL had no significant detrimental effect on any parameters assessed in the 2 experiments. In contrast, the 0.048% SBL level in the PDH gave inconsistent results for feed efficiency (FE) and brush border enzyme levels. For instance, on d 6 in experiment 2, poults fed the PDH had poorer FE (P < 0.05) compared with the control PD treatment, but had similar FE to poults fed the PD in experiment 1. In conclusion, SBL present at levels up to 0.024% of the diet would not cause antinutritional effect in turkey poults up to 2 wk of age.