Sigmoid volvulus: outcomes of treatment and predictors of morbidity and mortality

• Published in: Langenbeck's archives of surgery Vol. 407; no. 3; pp. 1161 - 1171
• Main Authors: Moro-Valdezate, David, Martín-Arévalo, José, Pla-Martí, Vicente, García-Botello, Stephanie, Izquierdo-Moreno, Ana, Pérez-Santiago, Leticia, Pedrós-Giménez, Jorge Manuel, Villagrasa, Rosana, Peña, Andrés, Espí-Macías, Alejandro
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01-05-2022
• Subjects: Abdominal Surgery; Cardiac Surgery; General Surgery; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Original; Original Article; Thoracic Surgery; Traumatic Surgery; Vascular Surgery; Prognosis; Intestinal volvulus; Colorectal surgery; Survival; Risk factors
• ISSN: 1435-2451; 1435-2443; 1435-2451
• DOI: 10.1007/s00423-022-02428-5

Purpose
To analyze the treatment outcomes for sigmoid volvulus (SV) and identify risk factors of complications and mortality.
Methods
Observational study of all consecutive adult patients diagnosed with SV who were admitted from January 2000 to December 2020 in a tertiary university institution for conservative management, urgent or elective surgery. Primary outcomes were 30-day postoperative morbidity, mortality and 2-year overall survival (OS), including analysis of risk factors for postoperative morbidity or mortality and prognostic factors for 2-year OS.
Results
A total of 92 patients were included. Conservative management was performed in 43 cases (46.7%), 27 patients (29.4%) underwent emergent surgery and 22 (23.9%) were scheduled for elective surgery. Successful decompression was achieved in 87.8% of cases, but the recurrence rate was 47.2%. Mortality rates following episodes were higher for conservative treatment than for urgent or elective surgery (37.2%, 22.2%, 9.1%, respectively;
p
 = 0.044). ASA score > III was an independent risk factor for complications (OR = 5.570, 95% CI = 1.740–17.829,
p
 < 0.001) and mortality (OR = 6.139, 95% CI = 2.629–14.335,
p
 < 0.001) in the 30 days after admission. Patients who underwent elective surgery showed higher 2-year OS than those with conservative treatment (
p
 = 0.011). Elective surgery (HR = 2.604, 95% CI = 1.185–5.714,
p
 = 0.017) and ASA score > III (HR = 0.351, 95% CI = 0.192–0.641,
p
 = 0.001) were independent prognostic factors for 2-year OS.
Conclusion
Successful endoscopic decompression can be achieved in most SV patients, but with the drawbacks of high recurrence, morbidity and mortality rates. Concurrent severe comorbidities and conservative treatment were independent prognostic factors for morbidity and survival in SV.