“Thinking Too Much”: A Systematic Review of the Idiom of Distress in Sub-Saharan Africa

• Published in: Culture, medicine and psychiatry Vol. 45; no. 4; pp. 655 - 682
• Main Authors: Backe, Emma Louise, Bosire, Edna N., Kim, Andrew Wooyoung, Mendenhall, Emily
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Springer US 01-12-2021; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Anthropology; Caregivers; Clinical Psychology; Cognition; Cultural factors; HIV; Human immunodeficiency virus; Idioms; Infectious diseases; Mental depression; Mental disorders; Mental health; Original Paper; Perinatal; Postpartum depression; Postpartum period; Psychiatry; Psychological anthropology; Psychological distress; Public Health; Refugees; Rumination; Social Sciences; Sociology; Systematic review; Well being; Women; Sub-Saharan Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Idioms of distress; Mental health; Thinking too much
• ISSN: 0165-005X; 1573-076X
• DOI: 10.1007/s11013-020-09697-z

Idioms of distress have been employed in psychological anthropology and global mental health to solicit localized understandings of suffering. The idiom “thinking too much” is employed in cultural settings worldwide to express feelings of emotional and cognitive disquiet with psychological, physical, and social consequences on people’s well-being and daily functioning. This systematic review investigates how, where, and among whom the idiom “thinking too much” within varied Sub-Saharan African contexts was investigated. We reviewed eight databases and identified 60 articles, chapters, and books discussing “thinking too much” across Sub-Saharan Africa. Across 18 Sub-Saharan African countries, literature on “thinking too much” focused on particular sub-populations, including clinical populations, including people living with HIV or non-communicable diseases, and women experiencing perinatal or postnatal depression; health workers and caregivers; and non-clinical populations, including refugees and conflict-affected communities, as well as community samples with and without depression. “Thinking too much” reflected a broad range of personal, familial, and professional concerns that lead someone to be consumed with “too many thoughts.” This research demonstrates that “thinking too much” is a useful idiom for understanding rumination and psychiatric distress while providing unique insights within cultural contexts that should not be overlooked when applied in clinical settings.