Frequency of PPAR-γ, FTO and ABCC8 genetic variation in Pakistani cardiovascular smokers

• Published in: Environmental science and pollution research international Vol. 27; no. 34; pp. 42611 - 42620
• Main Authors: Rehman, Kanwal, Tahir, Ayesha, Niaz, Sania, Shabbir, Sara, Jabeen, Komal, Faheem, Amna, Akash, Muhammad Sajid Hamid
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01-12-2020; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase FTO - genetics; Aquatic Pollution; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution; Earth and Environmental Science; Ecotoxicology; Environment; Environmental Chemistry; Environmental Health; Environmental science; Gene Frequency; Gene polymorphism; Genetic diversity; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genotype; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Nicotine; Pakistan; Parameters; Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors; Polymorphism; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; PPAR gamma - genetics; PPAR gamma - metabolism; Research Article; Smokers; Smoking; Sulfonylurea Receptors - genetics; Waste Water Technology; Water Management; Water Pollution Control; Pakistan; Cardiovascular disease; Metabolic disorder; Genetic polymorphism; Pakistani smokers
• ISSN: 0944-1344; 1614-7499
• DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10226-z

Smoking is considered as one of the major reasons behind genetic variations in cardiometabolic disorders. However, effect of nicotine via smoking on Pakistani population still needs to be elucidated. This study was aimed to investigate genetic variation among PPAR-γ, FTO, and ABCC8 genes in cardiometabolic patients along with their biochemical parameters. A total of 472 CVD patients were enrolled in this study and divided into three groups;
n
 = 144 for PPAR-γ (C/G) variation and
n
 = 164 in each group to investigate FTO (T/A) and ABCC8 (G/T) variation, respectively. Polymorphisms within groups were identified by using Tetra and/or Tri ARM-PCR. This study showed positive association among genetic polymorphisms in PPAR-γ, FTO, and ABCC8 groups with altered metabolic parameters in CVD patients. Findings showed that smoking is major contributory factor for genetic polymorphism that was strongly associated with elevated blood glucose and serum TGs accompanying PPAR-γ, FTO, and ABCC8 genetic polymorphism in 25%, 24%, and 20% in smokers and 11%, 10%, and 5% in non-smoker CVD patients, respectively. However, highest polymorphism occurred in PPAR-γ both in smokers and non-smoker CVD patients that show that smoking-mediated gene polymorphism might be a contributory factor in provoking CVD risk approximately twice in smokers as compared to that in non-smoker CVD patients.