Effects of treatment methods on cutaneous melanoma related mortality and all-cause mortality in Texas: TCR-Medicare 2007–2017 database

• Published in: Cancer causes & control Vol. 35; no. 2; pp. 265 - 275
• Main Authors: Ramirez, Fabiola, Riva, Hannah, Digbeu, Biai, Samaniego, Michelle, Fernandez, Lorena, Mansour, Sara, Vasquez, Rebecca, Lopez, David S., Chacon, Jessica
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cham Springer International Publishing 01-02-2024; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Aged; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biomedicine; Cancer Research; Chemotherapy; Diagnosis; Epidemiology; Government programs; Hematology; Hispanic people; Humans; Immunotherapy; Medicare; Melanoma; Melanoma - therapy; Minority & ethnic groups; Mortality; Oncology; Original Paper; Patients; Public Health; Radiation; Radiation therapy; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; Regression analysis; Retrospective Studies; Skin Neoplasms - therapy; Texas - epidemiology; United States - epidemiology; United States; Texas; United States > US; Melanoma disparities; Texas cancer registry; Melanoma treatment; Medicare; Cutaneous melanoma
• ISSN: 0957-5243; 1573-7225
• DOI: 10.1007/s10552-023-01780-1

Purpose
The incidence of cutaneous melanoma is rising, and Melanoma related deaths are highest among people aged 65–74. Herein, we aim to understand the impact of novel and established melanoma treatment methods on CM related mortality and all-cause mortality. We further compared these effects among Hispanic and non-Hispanic Whites (NHW).
Methods
The data was extracted from the Texas Cancer Registry from 2007 to 2017. A Cox Proportional Hazard regression analysis was performed to assess treatment effect on melanoma mortality and all-cause mortality, with race-ethnicity as an effect modifier.
Results
A higher percentage of Hispanic patients presented with CM-related mortality (22.11%) compared to NHW patients (14.39%). In both the Hispanic and NHW, post-diagnosis radiation (HR = 1.610, 95% CI 0.984–2.634, HR = 2.348, 95% CI 2.082–2.648, respectively), post-diagnosis chemotherapy (HR = 1.899, 95% CI 1.085–3.322, HR = 2.035, 95% CI 1.664–2.489, respectively), and post-diagnosis immunotherapy (HR = 2.100, 95% CI 1.338–3.296, HR = 2.402, 95% CI 2.100–2.748) are each associated with an increased risk in CM-related mortality. Similar results were seen with post-diagnosis radiation (Hispanic HR = 1.640, 95% CI 1.121–2.400, NHW HR = 1.800, 95% CI 1.644–1.971), post-diagnostic chemotherapy (Hispanic HR = 1.457, 95% CI 0.898–2.364, NHW HR = 1.592, 95% CI 1.356–1.869), and post-diagnosis immunotherapy (Hispanic HR = 2.140, 95% CI 1.494–3.065, NHW HR = 2.190, 95% CI 1.969–2.435) with respect to all-cause mortality. Post-diagnosis surgery (HR = 0.581, 95% CI 0.395–0.856, HR = 0.622, 95% CI 0.571–0.678) had the opposite effect in CM-related mortality for Hispanics and NHWs respectively.
Conclusion
Our results propose differences in all-cause and CM-only related mortality with separate treatment modalities, particularly with chemotherapy, radiation therapy and immunotherapy. In addition, this retrospective cohort study showed that health disparities exist in the Hispanic Medicare population of Texas with CM.