Assessing the impact of direct-acting antivirals on hepatitis C complications: a systematic review and meta-analysis

• Published in: Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology Vol. 397; no. 3; pp. 1421 - 1431
• Main Authors: Yew, Kuo Chao, Tan, Quan Rui, Lim, Phei Ching, Low, Wei Yang, Lee, Chong Yew
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01-03-2024; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Antiviral agents; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biomedicine; Cirrhosis; Hepatitis C; Hepatocellular carcinoma; Liver cancer; Liver cirrhosis; Liver transplantation; Liver transplants; Meta-analysis; Mortality; Neurosciences; Pharmacology/Toxicology; Review; Hepatocellular carcinoma; Liver decompensation; All-cause mortality; Hepatitis C; Direct-acting antiviral
• ISSN: 0028-1298; 1432-1912; 1432-1912
• DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02716-x

Direct-acting antivirals (DAA) have become the treatment of choice for hepatitis C. Nevertheless, efficacy of DAA in preventing hepatitis C complications remains uncertain. We evaluated the impact of DAA on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) occurrence and recurrence, all-cause mortality, liver decompensation and liver transplantation as compared to non-DAA treated hepatitis C and the association to baseline liver status. A systematic search for articles from March 1993 to March 2022 was conducted using three electronic databases. Randomized, case-control and cohort studies with comparison to non-DAA treatment and reporting at least one outcome were included. Meta-analysis and sub-group meta-analysis based on baseline liver status were performed. Of 1497 articles retrieved, 19 studies were included, comprising of 266,310 patients (56.07% male). DAA reduced HCC occurrence significantly in non-cirrhosis (
RR
0.80, 95% CI 0.69–0.92) and cirrhosis (
RR
0.39, 95% CI 0.24–0.64) but not in decompensated cirrhosis. DAA treatment lowered HCC recurrence (
RR
0.71, 95% CI 0.55–0.92) especially in patients with baseline HCC and waiting for liver transplant. DAA also reduced all-cause mortality (
RR
0.43, 95% CI 0.23–0.78) and liver decompensation (
RR
0.52, 95% CI 0.33–0.83) significantly. However, DAA did not prevent liver transplantation. The study highlighted the importance of early DAA initiation in hepatitis C treatment for benefits beyond sustained virological response. DAA therapy prevented HCC particularly in non-cirrhosis and compensated cirrhosis groups indicating benefits in preventing further worsening of liver status. Starting DAA early also reduced HCC recurrence, liver decompensation, and all-cause mortality.
Graphical abstract