BMI: does it predict the need for component separation?

• Published in: Hernia : the journal of hernias and abdominal wall surgery Vol. 27; no. 2; pp. 273 - 279
• Main Authors: Smith, J. R., Kyriakakis, R., Pressler, M. P., Fritz, G. D., Davis, A. T., Banks-Venegoni, A. L., Durling, L. T.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Paris Springer Paris 01-04-2023; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Abdomen; Abdominal Surgery; Abdominal Wall - surgery; Body Mass Index; Body measurements; Computed tomography; Hernia; Hernia, Ventral - surgery; Hernias; Herniorrhaphy - methods; Humans; Incisional Hernia - surgery; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Multivariate analysis; Original Article; Surgery; Surgical Mesh; Pre-operative optimization; Computed tomography; BMI primary closure; Abdominal wall reconstruction; Ventral hernia; Incisional hernia; Mesh; Component separation
• ISSN: 1248-9204; 1265-4906; 1248-9204
• DOI: 10.1007/s10029-022-02596-9

Purpose
Patient optimization and selecting the proper technique to repair large incisional hernias is a multifaceted challenge. Body mass index (BMI) is a modifiable variable that may infer higher intra-abdominal pressures and, thus, predict the need for component separation (CS) at the time of surgery, but no data exist to support this. This paper assesses if the ratio of anterior–posterior (AP): transverse (TRSV) abdominal diameter, from pre-operative CT imaging, indicates a larger proportion of intra-abdominal fat and correlates with a hernia defect requiring a component separation for successful tension-free closure.
Methods
Ninety patients were identified who underwent either an open hernia repair with mesh by primary closure (
N
 = 53) or who required a component separation at the time of surgery (
N
 = 37). Pre-operative CT images were used to measure hernia defect width, AP abdominal diameter, and TRSV abdominal diameter. Quantitative data, nominal data, and logistic regression was used to determine predictors associated with surgical group categorization.
Results
The average hernia defect widths for primary closure and CS were 7.7 ± 3.6 cm (mean ± SD) and 9.8 ± 4.5, respectively (
p
 = 0.015). The average BMI for primary closure was 33.9 ± 7.2 and 33.8 ± 4.9 for those requiring CS (
p
 = 0.924). The AP:TRSV diameter ratios for primary closure and CS were 0.41 ± 0.08 and 0.49 ± 0.10, respectively (
p
 < 0.001). In a multivariate analysis including both defect width and AP:TRSV diameter ratio, only AP:TRSV diameter ratio predicted the need for a CS (
p
 = 0.001) while BMI did not (
p
 = 0.92).
Conclusion
Intraabdominal fat distribution measured by AP:TRSV abdominal diameter ratio correlates with successful tension-free fascial closure during incisional hernia repair, while BMI does not.