Revealing leukocyte populations in human peri-implantitis and periodontitis using flow cytometry

• Published in: Clinical oral investigations Vol. 27; no. 9; pp. 5499 - 5508
• Main Authors: Ginesin, Ofir, Mayer, Yaniv, Gabay, Eran, Rotenberg, Daniel, Machtei, Eli Eliahu, Coyac, Benjamin R., Bar-On, Yotam, Zigdon-Giladi, Hadar
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01-09-2023; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Biopsy; CD4 antigen; CD8 antigen; Dendritic cells; Dentistry; Flow cytometry; Gum disease; Leukocytes; Lymphocytes B; Lymphocytes T; Macrophages; Medicine; Periodontitis; Flow cytometry; Peri-implantitis; FACS; Periodontitis; Immune system
• ISSN: 1436-3771; 1432-6981; 1436-3771
• DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05168-y

Objective
To identify, quantify, and characterize leukocyte populations in PI and periodontitis using flow cytometry.
Methods
Fresh biopsies from human PI and periodontitis lesions were processed to a single-cell suspension. The immune cell types were identified using flow cytometry.
Results
Twenty-one biopsies were obtained and analyzed corresponding to fourteen PI and seven periodontitis samples. Participants’ average age was 63.95 ± 14.77 years without a significant difference between PI and periodontitis patients, the female/male ratio was 8/12, and mean PD was 8.5 ± 2.17. High similarity was found between periodontitis and PI in the main immune cell types. Out of the leukocytes, the PMN proportion was 40% in PI and 33% in periodontitis. T-cells 22% in PI and 18% in periodontitis. Similar proportions of B-cells 10% and macrophages 6% were found in PI and periodontitis. Dendritic and NK cells were found in low proportions (~ 1%) in PI and periodontitis. T-cell sub-analysis showed that CD4-positive were more prevalent than CD8-positive in both diseases (CD4/CD8 ratio of 1.2).
Conclusion
With the use of flow cytometry analysis, the leukocyte populations in human peri-implantitis and periodontitis were classified. In PI and periodontitis, we identified similar proportions of specific (CD4/CD8) and innate (dendritic and NK) immune cells. These results corroborate previous histological studies.
Clinical relevance
Flow cytometry analysis can be used to identify and quantify immune cells in PI and periodontitis, including sub-classification of T cells (CD4/8) as well as detection of cells that require multiple markers for identification (such as dendritic cells).