The effects of dietary clinoptilolite and chitosan nanoparticles on growth, body composition, haemato-biochemical parameters, immune responses, and antioxidative status of Nile tilapia exposed to imidacloprid

• Published in: Environmental science and pollution research international Vol. 28; no. 23; pp. 29535 - 29550
• Main Authors: Ismael, Nahla E. M., Abd El-hameed, Samah A. A., Salama, Amany M., Naiel, Mohammed A. E., Abdel-Latif, Hany M. R.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01-06-2021; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Alkaline phosphatase; Aquatic Pollution; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution; Body composition; Chitosan; Combined treatment; Diet; Dry matter; Earth and Environmental Science; Ecotoxicology; Environment; Environmental Chemistry; Environmental Health; Environmental science; Fish; Hematocrit; Imidacloprid; Immune response; Insecticides; Lethal dose; Lysozyme; Malondialdehyde; Nanoparticles; Nitric oxide; Oreochromis niloticus; Parameters; Ponds; Research Article; Spleen; Tilapia; Toxicity; Waste Water Technology; Water Management; Water Pollution Control; Zeolites; Chitosan nanoparticles; Imidacloprid; Nile tilapia; Growth; Zeolites; Body composition
• ISSN: 0944-1344; 1614-7499
• DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12693-4

This study aimed at the evaluation of the mitigating effects of dietary zeolites (ZEO) and/or chitosan nanoparticle (ChNP) on imidacloprid (IMID)-induced toxicity in Nile tilapia (
Oreochromis niloticus
). Fish (18.03 ± 0.01 g) were allocated into six groups; one fed on a basal diet (control) (CTR), and the other groups were fed diets supplemented with ChNPs (5 g kg
−1
) and/or ZEO (20 and 40 g kg
−1
) (ZEO
20
and ZEO
40
) for 60 days. In the last 14 days of the experiment, all groups were exposed to a sub-lethal dose of IMID (½ of 96 h LC
50
= 0.0545 μg L
−1
). Dietary ZEO
20
significantly improved all growth parameters (
P
˂ 0.05), while ChNPs had no significant effects. The crude protein of the fish body was significantly increased in all groups compared to the CTR (
P
˂ 0.05). No significant impacts of ChNPs, ZEO, and their interaction (
P
> 0.05) were noticed on the moisture, dry matter, and ash percentages. Compared to the CTR, hematocrit values were significantly decreased (
P
˂ 0.05) in ChNP and ZEO
20
groups; meanwhile, their levels were significantly increased (
P
˂ 0.05) in the ZEO
40
group and all combined treatments. Fish fed diets with ChNPs and/or ZEO had significant increments in the MCV values (
P
˂ 0.05). Moreover, fish fed diets supplemented with ChNPs or their combination with ZEO had the lowest glucose and alkaline phosphatase levels compared with the CTR. Serum aspartate transferase levels were significantly decreased in all treated groups (
P
˂ 0.05) compared to the CTR. ChNPs alone or combined with ZEO significantly exhibited the highest lysozyme and nitro blue tetrazolium values (
P
˂ 0.05). On the other hand, fish in the CTR group had the highest malondialdehyde and lowest nitric oxide levels compared to the other groups. Interestingly, the lowest IMID residues in fish flesh were found in fish groups fed diet with a combination of ZEO and ChNPs. Partial or complete protection of the hepatic and splenic tissues were observed in fish group with combined treatment with ChNPs and ZEO. In conclusion, the application of ZEO and/or ChNPs in Nile tilapia diets looks to be a leading approach to mitigate the toxic impacts of IMID.