Assessment of cyclic volatile methyl siloxanes (CVMSs) in indoor dust from different micro-environments in northern and central Vietnam

• Published in: Environmental geochemistry and health Vol. 45; no. 5; pp. 1711 - 1722
• Main Authors: Hoang, Anh Quoc, Trinh, Hue Thi, Nguyen, Ha My Nu, Nguyen, Trung Quang, Nguyen, Thi Xuyen, Duc, Toan Vu, Nguyen, Thi Thao, Do, Trung Quang, Minh, Tu Binh, Tran, Tri Manh
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Dordrecht Springer Netherlands 01-05-2023; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Air Pollution, Indoor - analysis; Atmospheric particulates; Contaminants; Dust; Dust - analysis; Earth and Environmental Science; Environment; Environmental Chemistry; Environmental Health; Environmental Monitoring; Geochemistry; Humans; Ingestion; Inhalation; Original Paper; Public Health; Respiration; Siloxanes; Siloxanes - analysis; Soil Science & Conservation; Terrestrial Pollution; Vietnam; Waste disposal; Water consumption; Vietnam; Urban area; Cyclic volatile methyl siloxanes; Settled dust; Waste processing area; Human exposure
• ISSN: 0269-4042; 1573-2983
• DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01298-6

Comprehensive studies on emerging contaminants like volatile methyl siloxanes in settled dust from different micro-environments are still limited. In this study, concentrations and distribution of cyclic volatile methyl siloxanes (CVMSs) including
D
3,
D
4,
D
5, and
D
6 were examined in indoor dust samples collected from various micro-environments in northern and central Vietnam. Concentrations of total CVMSs in the dust samples ranged from 86.0 to 5890 (median 755) ng/g and decreased in the order: waste processing workshops (median 1560; range 329–5890) > common houses (650; 115–1680) > university classrooms (480; 86.0–1540) > vehicle repair shops (295; 126–1950) ng/g. This observation suggests that informal waste processing activities are sources of CVMSs. Among the studied CVMSs,
D
5 was the most predominant compound (41 ± 14%), followed by
D
6 (26 ± 13%),
D
4 (23 ± 12%), and
D
3 (11 ± 11%). Moderate positive correlations between
D
3/
D
4,
D
4/
D
5, and
D
5/
D
6 were found. Median daily intake doses of
D
3,
D
4,
D
5, and
D
6 through dust ingestion were 0.016, 0.051, 0.11, and 0.054 ng/kg/d, respectively, which were comparable to water consumption and markedly lower than the air inhalation pathway.