Evaluation of Boron’s Adjuvant Activity in Inactive Bacterin Vaccines Using the Mice Model

• Published in: Biological trace element research Vol. 199; no. 3; pp. 1037 - 1043
• Main Authors: Sayın, Zafer, Uslu, Ali, Erganiş, Osman, Başoglu, Abdullah, Özdemir, Özgür, Sakmanoğlu, Aslı, Uçan, Uçkun Sait, Aras, Zeki
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Springer US 01-03-2021; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Acids; Additives; Adjuvants; Aluminium; Aluminum; Aluminum hydroxide; Antibodies; Antigens; Biochemistry; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biotechnology; Boric acid; Boron; Boron compounds; C-reactive protein; Dairy cattle; Defence mechanisms; Disease control; Economic models; Evaluation; Hydroxides; Immune response; Immunity; Immunoglobulins; Infectious diseases; Inflammation; Life Sciences; Mastitis; Nutrition; Oncology; Preservatives; Public health; Vaccination; Vaccines; Boric acid; Montanide ISA 50; Vaccine; Adjuvant; Montanide ISA 206; Aluminum hydroxide
• ISSN: 0163-4984; 1559-0720
• DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02233-5

Vaccination is the most effective, reliable, and economical way of preventing or reducing the effect of infectious diseases. When preparing inactive vaccines, a range of additives called adjuvants are necessary to enhance the magnitude of the immune response. Boron has a wide range of industrial and medical applications, and its positive effects on distinct functions have been described in plants, humans, and animals. However, no studies exist about the possible adjuvant activities of boron compounds in vaccines. Hence, in this study, the potential adjuvant effect of boric acid was explored and compared with common veterinary adjuvants in a mice model.
Staphylococcus aureus
(
S. aureus
) used as vaccine antigen was isolated from dairy cows with bovine mastitis. Vaccines adjuvanted with boric acid, aluminum hydroxide, Montanide ISA 50 and ISA 206, and Montanide + boric acid combinations were prepared. The efficacy of vaccines was evaluated according to local reactions at the injection site, C-reactive protein, total Ig G, total Ig M, and anti-
S. aureus
antibody levels in mice. Boric acid reduced local inflammatory reactions induced by the Montanide adjuvants. Moreover, mice vaccinated with boric acid-adjuvanted vaccine had higher levels of anti-
S. aureus
antibody than those in the controls (
P <
0.05) and were similar to the levels found in mice sensitized with aluminum hydroxide. Total Ig G and Ig M results were, however, unsuitable for the assessment of adjuvant activity for this study. In conclusion, this study revealed that boric acid has an adjuvant potential in inactive bacterin vaccines, but further target animal studies are needed.