Characterizing PBDEs in fish, poultry, and pig feeds manufactured in China

• Published in: Environmental science and pollution research international Vol. 26; no. 6; pp. 6014 - 6022
• Main Authors: Wang, Jing-Xin, Bao, Lian-Jun, Shi, Lei, Liu, Liang-Ying, Zeng, Eddy Y.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01-02-2019; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Animal Feed - analysis; Animals; Aquatic birds; Aquatic Pollution; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution; Chickens; China; Ducks; Earth and Environmental Science; Ecotoxicology; Environment; Environmental Chemistry; Environmental Health; Environmental Monitoring; Environmental Pollutants - analysis; Environmental science; Ethers; Feeds; Fish; Fish meal; Fishes; Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers - analysis; Health risks; Humans; Polybrominated diphenyl ethers; Poultry; Powder; Quotients; Rapeseed; Raw materials; Research Article; Seafood; Soybeans; Statistical analysis; Swine; Waste Water Technology; Water Management; Water Pollution Control; Weight; China; Polybrominated diphenyl ethers; Dietary intake; Raw material; Risk assessment; Animal feed
• ISSN: 0944-1344; 1614-7499
• DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-04057-2

A total of 53 feeds from 23 brands for four types of animals, i.e., fish, chicken, duck, and pig, as well as six types of raw materials, were bought from Guangxi, Hubei, Anhui, and Guangdong provinces in China and analyzed for polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). The raw materials including super fish meal, ordinary fish meal, poultry ore, soybean, stone powder, and rapeseed were selected because they were added to all the animal feeds manufactured. The occurrence of PBDEs was ubiquitous in the feeds and raw materials, with BDE-209 as the most abundant congener. The average concentration of ∑
8
PBDE was 1.1 and 0.44 ng g
−1
dry weight in feeds (range 0.25–5.7) and raw materials (range 0.27–0.84), respectively. No statistically significant differences in ∑
8
PBDE concentrations were observed among the four groups of animal feeds. Feeds from Yangzhiyuan Brand (
n
 = 11) contained statistically (
p
 < 0.01) lower ∑
8
PBDE concentrations than all other brands except for Baoshun Brand. Chicken was selected as a representative animal to assess health risk for human exposure to PBDEs via the consumption of chicken raised by the feeds under investigation. Hazard quotients based on per-capita consumption of chicken were all below 1, indicating low potential risk to humans consuming chicken raised with the feeds.
Graphical abstract