Experimental determination of the energy generated in nuclear cascades by a high energy beam

• Published in: Physics letters. B Vol. 348; no. 3; pp. 697 - 709
• Main Authors: Andriamonje, S., Angelopoulos, A., Apostolakis, A., Attale, F., Brillard, L., Buono, S., Calero, J., Carminati, F., Casagrande, F., Cennini, P., Charalambous, S., Del Moral, R., Eleftheriadis, C., Gallego, E., Galvez, J., Garcia-Tabares, L., Geles, C., Goulas, I., Giorni, A., Gonzalez, E., Hussonnois, M., Jaren, J., Klapisch, R., Kokkas, P., Lemeilleur, F., Lindecker, G., Liolios, A., Loiseaux, J.M., Lopez, C., Lorente, A., Macri, M., Martinez-Val, J.M., Nifenecker, H., Oropesa, J., Pavlopoulos, P., Pinston, J.A., Revol, J.-P., Roche, C., Rubbia, C., Rubio, J.A., Sakelariou, K., Sakelliou, L., Saldana, F., Schussler, F., Tamarit, J., Trubert, D., Viano, J.B., Vieira, S., Vlachos, S., Li, Xuan, Zarris, G.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier B.V 06-04-1995; Elsevier
• Subjects: Nuclear Experiment; Physics
• ISSN: 0370-2693; 1873-2445
• DOI: 10.1016/0370-2693(95)00154-D

An already existing, sub-critical arrangement made of natural uranium and water moderator has been exposed to a low intensity (≈ 10
9 ppp) proton beam from CERN-PS at several kinetic energies from 600 MeV to 2.75 GeV. The energy delivered by the hadronic cascade induced by the beam in the device has been measured by the temperature rise of small sampling blocks of uranium located in several different positions inside the device and counting the fissions in thin probe foils of natural uranium. We find typically
G ≈ 30 in reasonable agreement with calculations, where
G is the ratio of the energy produced in the device to the energy delivered by the beam. This result opens the way to the realisation of the so-called Energy Amplifier, a practical device to produce energy from thorium or depleted uranium targets exposed to an intense high energy proton beam. Results show that the optimal kinetic is ≥ 1 GeV, below which
G decreases but is still acceptable in the energy range explored