A Multi-Omics Approach to Disclose Metabolic Pathways Impacting Intestinal Permeability in Obese Patients Undergoing Very Low Calorie Ketogenic Diet

• Published in: Nutrients Vol. 16; no. 13; p. 2079
• Main Authors: Celano, Giuseppe, Calabrese, Francesco Maria, Riezzo, Giuseppe, D'Attoma, Benedetta, Ignazzi, Antonia, Di Chito, Martina, Sila, Annamaria, De Nucci, Sara, Rinaldi, Roberta, Linsalata, Michele, Apa, Carmen Aurora, Mancini, Leonardo, De Angelis, Maria, Giannelli, Gianluigi, De Pergola, Giovanni, Russo, Francesco
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 01-07-2024
• Subjects: 16S microbiota profile; Adult; Bioinformatics; Body fat; Caloric Restriction - methods; calorie restrictive diet; Cardiovascular disease; Chronic illnesses; Composition; Diabetes; Diet therapy; Diet, Ketogenic - methods; dietary intervention; Energy consumption; Feces; Feces - chemistry; Feces - microbiology; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome - physiology; Health aspects; Humans; Intestinal Barrier Function; Intestinal Mucosa - metabolism; Irritable bowel syndrome; Ketogenic diet; Male; Medical history; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Metabolism; Metabolites; metabolomics; Metabolomics - methods; Microbiota; Microbiota (Symbiotic organisms); Middle Aged; Multiomics; Nutrition research; Obesity; Obesity - diet therapy; Obesity - metabolism; Permeability; VOCs; Volatile Organic Compounds - analysis; Weight control; Italy; United States > US; VOCs; calorie restrictive diet; metabolomics; obesity; 16S microbiota profile; dietary intervention
• ISSN: 2072-6643; 2072-6643
• DOI: 10.3390/nu16132079

A very low calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) impacts host metabolism in people marked by an excess of visceral adiposity, and it affects the microbiota composition in terms of taxa presence and relative abundances. As a matter of fact, there is little available literature dealing with microbiota differences in obese patients marked by altered intestinal permeability. With the aim of inspecting consortium members and their related metabolic pathways, we inspected the microbial community profile, together with the set of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from untargeted fecal and urine metabolomics, in a cohort made of obese patients, stratified based on both normal and altered intestinal permeability, before and after VLCKD administration. Based on the taxa relative abundances, we predicted microbiota-derived metabolic pathways whose variations were explained in light of our cohort symptom picture. A totally different number of statistically significant pathways marked samples with altered permeability, reflecting an important shift in microbiota taxa. A combined analysis of taxa, metabolic pathways, and metabolomic compounds delineates a set of markers that is useful in describing obesity dysfunctions and comorbidities.