Biodegradation of the Pyrethroid Pesticide Esfenvalerate by Marine-Derived Fungi

• Published in: Marine biotechnology (New York, N.Y.) Vol. 18; no. 4; pp. 511 - 520
• Main Authors: Birolli, Willian G., Alvarenga, Natália, Seleghim, Mirna H. R., Porto, André L. M.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Springer US 01-08-2016; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Acetonitrile; Acremonium - metabolism; Alcohols; Aspergillus - metabolism; Benzaldehydes - metabolism; Benzoates - metabolism; Benzoic acid; Benzyl Alcohols - metabolism; Biodegradation; Biodegradation, Environmental; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Bioremediation; Biotechnology; Cladosporium - metabolism; Engineering; Fenvalerate; Freshwater & Marine Ecology; Fungi; High-performance liquid chromatography; HPLC; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hydrolysis; Insecticides; Kinetics; Life Sciences; Liquid chromatography; Malt; Marine biology; Metabolites; Microbiology; Nitriles - metabolism; Original Article; Penicillium - metabolism; Pesticides; Pesticides - metabolism; Phenoxybenzoic acid; Pyrethrins - metabolism; Pyrethroids; Soil; Soil contamination; Soil Pollutants - metabolism; Soil water; Studies; Water Pollutants, Chemical - metabolism; Zoology; Marine fungi; Fenvalerate; Insecticide; Organic pollutant; Biotransformation
• ISSN: 1436-2228; 1436-2236
• DOI: 10.1007/s10126-016-9710-z

Esfenvalerate biodegradation by marine-derived fungi is reported here. Esfenvalerate (
S,S
-fenvalerate) and its main metabolites [3-phenoxybenzaldehyde (PBAld), 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (PBAc), 3-phenoxybenzyl alcohol (PBAlc), and 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutyric acid (CLAc)] were quantitatively analyzed by a validated method in triplicate experiments. All the strains (
Penicillium raistrickii
CBMAI 931,
Aspergillus sydowii
CBMAI 935,
Cladosporium
sp. CBMAI 1237,
Microsphaeropsis
sp. CBMAI 1675,
Acremonium
sp. CBMAI 1676,
Westerdykella
sp. CBMAI 1679, and
Cladosporium
sp. CBMAI 1678) were able to degrade esfenvalerate, however, with different efficiencies. Initially, 100 mg L
−1
esfenvalerate (Sumidan 150SC) was added to each culture in 3 % malt liquid medium. Residual esfenvalerate (64.8–95.2 mg L
−1
) and the concentrations of PBAc (0.5–7.4 mg L
−1
), ClAc (0.1–7.5 mg L
−1
), and PBAlc (0.2 mg L
−1
) were determined after 14 days. In experiments after 7, 14, 21, and 28 days of biodegradation with the three most efficient strains, increasing concentrations of the toxic compounds PBAc (2.7–16.6 mg L
−1
, after 28 days) and CLAc (6.6–13.4 mg L
−1
, after 28 days) were observed. A biodegradation pathway was proposed, based on HPLC-ToF results. The biodegradation pathway includes PBAld, PBAc, PBAlc, ClAc, 2-hydroxy-2-(3-phenoxyphenyl)acetonitrile, 3-(hydroxyphenoxy)benzoic acid, and methyl 3-phenoxy benzoate. Marine-derived fungi were able to biodegrade esfenvalerate in a commercial formulation and showed their potential for future bioremediation studies in contaminated soils and water bodies.