Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, and Cytotoxic Activity of Essential Oils in the Above-Ground Parts of Sonchus oleraceus L

• Published in: Plants (Basel) Vol. 13; no. 12; p. 1712
• Main Authors: El Gendy, Abd El-Nasser G, Mohamed, Nadia A, Sarker, Tushar C, Hassan, Emad M, Garaa, Ahmed H, Elshamy, Abdelsamed I, Abd-ElGawad, Ahmed M
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 20-06-2024; MDPI
• Subjects: anticancer; antioxidant; Antioxidants; Ascorbic acid; Cancer; Caryophyllene; Chemical composition; chemical profile; Chromatography; Cytotoxicity; Doxorubicin; Essential oils; Flame ionization detectors; Gas chromatography; Herbal medicine; Ionization; Ketones; Mass spectrometry; Mass spectroscopy; Oils & fats; Scientific imaging; Sensors; Sesquiterpenes; Sonchus; Sonchus oleraceus; trans-caryophyllene; Tumor cell lines; Vitamin C; volatile components; United States > US; chemical profile; antioxidant; trans-caryophyllene; Sonchus oleraceus; anticancer; volatile components
• ISSN: 2223-7747; 2223-7747
• DOI: 10.3390/plants13121712

L. is a leafy vegetable that is usually consumed in the area of the Mediterranean and is a frequently used traditional herb to treat a variety of ailments. Previous studies deduced the potent antioxidant and cytotoxic functions of the different extracts and isolated compounds from
. The current study represents the first instance of chemical profiling and bioactivities of the extracted essential oil (EO) of
. The present investigation set out to identify the chemical components of this EO by means of Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (G004-MS) techniques; assess the oil's antioxidant potencies through 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate (ABTS) assays; and evaluate the oil's cytotoxic impact against HepG2 cancer cell lines. The GC-MS chemical profiling revealed the identification of 23 components representing 97.43% of the total oil mass within abundant cyclic ketones (20.15%), nonterpenoidial hydrocarbons (28.77%), and sesquiterpenes (42.19%). The main components were
-nonadecane (28.77%),
-caryophyllene (23.73%),
-methyl dihydrojasmonate (19.55%), and
-cadina-1,4-diene (9.44%). In a dose-dependent manner, this EO demonstrated antioxidant capacities on DPPH and ABTS, with IC
values of 609.35 and 804.16 µg/mL, respectively, compared to ascorbic acid. Using doxorubicin as a reference therapy, the MTT assay findings revealed that this oil had remarkable inhibitory effects on the proliferation of HepG2 cancer cell lines, with an IC
of 136.02 µg/mL. More studies were recommended for further investigation of new biological roles for this oil and its main components, along with the construction of action mechanisms based on chemical components.