Determination of the use of Ligula intestinalis as a bioindicator in malathion residues

• Published in: Environmental science and pollution research international Vol. 30; no. 33; pp. 80732 - 80740
• Main Authors: Ipek, Zeynep Zehra, Minaz, Mert, Kayış, Şevki
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01-07-2023; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Accumulation; Animals; Aquatic Pollution; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution; Bioindicators; Cestoda; Cyprinidae; Earth and Environmental Science; Ecotoxicology; Environment; Environmental Biomarkers; Environmental Chemistry; Environmental Health; Environmental science; Experiments; Exposure; Fish; Indicator species; Ligula intestinalis; Malathion; Parasites; Pesticide residues; Pesticides; Research Article; Residues; Waste Water Technology; Water Management; Water Pollution Control; Fish; Environment; Parasitology; Pesticide; Bioindicator; Ligula intestinalis
• ISSN: 1614-7499; 0944-1344; 1614-7499
• DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28129-0

In this study, the usability of
Ligula intestinalis
as a bioindicator for pesticide accumulation was investigated. Two different experiments were designed for the detection of pesticide residues and its withdrawal period. In the first experiment, the accumulation of malathion for 10 days was measured in the hybrid fish,
Squalius orientalis
x
Alburnus derjugini
sampled from a dam lake. In the next experiment, withdrawal was measured for 15 days. The infected and healthy fish in groups exposed malathion and not exposed malathion were sampled at the end of the first experiment. No malathion residue was found in the control group that was not exposed with malathion. For the second experiment, infected and healthy fish from malathion and without malathion groups were sampled to measure the elimination of malathion on the 1
st
, 4
th
, 5
th
, 8
th
, 12
th
, and 15
th
days. At the end of the first experiment, the presence of malathion was not detected in the control group while accumulation was observed in both fish and
L. intestinalis
in the experimental group. At the end of the second experiment (15
th
day), the highest residual value was found in
L. intestinalis
(1.02 mg/kg) while it was determined as 0.009 mg/kg in infected fish and 0.006 mg/kg in uninfected fish. According to the correlation, malathion accumulation was linear between uninfected fish and infected fish. On the other hand, an inverse correlation was found between
L. intestinalis
and both malathion and control fish. As a result, it was determined that
L. intestinalis
can be used as a bioindicator in pesticide accumulation and the pesticide is still detectable in the parasite after withdrawal from fish.