Electrochemical ultrasensitive detection of CYFRA21-1 using Ti3C2Tx-MXene as enhancer and covalent organic frameworks as labels

• Published in: Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry Vol. 413; no. 9; pp. 2543 - 2551
• Main Authors: Cheng, Jiamin, Hu, Kai, Liu, Qianrui, Liu, Yanju, Yang, Huaixia, Kong, Jinming
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01-04-2021; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Analytical Chemistry; Antibodies; Antigens; Biochemistry; Biosensors; Characterization and Evaluation of Materials; Chemistry; Chemistry and Materials Science; Composite materials; Cytokeratin; Electrochemistry; Electron transfer; Food Science; Gold; Immunosensors; Laboratory Medicine; Lung cancer; Monitoring/Environmental Analysis; MXenes; Nanoparticles; Non-small cell lung carcinoma; Polymers; Research Paper; Small cell lung carcinoma; Substrates; Toluidine; Toluidine blue; C; T; Ti; MXene; Covalent organic framework polymer; Cytokeratin fragment antigen 21–1; Sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor
• ISSN: 1618-2642; 1618-2650
• DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03212-y

The concentration level of cytokeratin fragment antigen 21-1 (CYFRA21-1) can be used as an important indicator for predicting non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, a sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor for ultrasensitive detection of CYFRA21-1 is developed. The sensor based on a combination of gold nanoparticle (AuNPs) decorated Ti
3
C
2
T
x
-MXene (Au-Ti
3
C
2
T
x
) as the substrate enhancer, and toluidine blue (TB) modified AuNPs doped covalent organic framework (COF) polymer as the signal tag (TB-Au-COF). The Au-Ti
3
C
2
T
x
is used to capture numerous primary antibodies and accelerate the electron transfer rate of the substrate, while the TB-Au-COF can be applied to provide a large number of signal units TB and secondary antibodies. These features of composites endow the proposed immunosensor with high sensitivity and current response to CYFRA21-1. Under optimum conditions, the immunosensor offers a wide current response for CYFRA21-1 from 0.5–1.0 × 10
4
 pg·mL
−1
with a detection limit of 0.1 pg·mL
−1
. Furthermore, the biosensing platform can be applied for CYFRA21-1 detection to analyze real serum samples, providing an effective and useful avenue for the applicability of Au-Ti
3
C
2
T
x
and TB-Au-COF composite materials in biosensing field.