The Effects of Psilocybin in Adults with Major Depressive Disorder and the General Population: Findings from Neuroimaging Studies

• Published in: Psychiatry research Vol. 313; p. 114577
• Main Authors: Gill, Hartej, Puramat, Parnian, Patel, Pankti, Gill, Barjot, Marks, CéAnn A., Rodrigues, Nelson B., Castle, David, Cha, Danielle S., Mansur, Rodrigo B., Rosenblat, Joshua Daniel, McIntyre, Roger S.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Ireland Elsevier B.V 01-07-2022
• Subjects: Depression; fMRI; Functional magnetic resonance imaging; Major depressive disorder; Mood disorders; Psilocybin; Treatment resistant depression; fMRI; Treatment resistant depression; Functional magnetic resonance imaging; Mood disorders; Depression; Psilocybin; Major depressive disorder
• ISSN: 0165-1781; 1872-7123
• DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114577

•Changes in amygdala activity are observed post-psilocybin administration in MDD cohorts.•Changes in functional connectivity post-psilocybin treatment is observed in MDD and healthy people.•Psilocybin treatment may decrease depressive symptoms among participants with MDD.•Literature examining neural changes following psilocybin therapy in MDD is limited.
The use of psilocybin as treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD) has been examined as a promising alternative to traditional first-line options. We reviewed existing literature to provide a synthesis of the extant neuroimaging observations with psilocybin, and to identify putative therapeutic targets for target engagement studies with psilocybin, and potentially other psychedelics. We assessed neuroimaging observations with psilocybin among participants with MDD and healthy populations. A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, Google Scholar and PsycINFO from database inception to November 17th, 2021. The study quality (i.e., risk of bias) was assessed using the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials. A total of ten studies evaluated psilocybin in healthy populations and three studies assessed psilocybin in MDD participants using neuroimaging techniques. Following psilocybin administration, a decrease in amygdala activity and a reduction in depressive symptoms was observed in two studies. Changes in functional connectivity and activation of prefrontal limbic structures, specifically the ventral medial prefrontal cortex and amygdala, was seen in healthy populations. There was high heterogeneity in methodology (e.g., dosing schedule and imaging methods) amongst included studies. Longitudinal studies are needed to further elucidate psilocybin treatment for MDD, its long-term effects and the possibility of sustained therapeutic effects.