Maternal Garlic Oil Supplementation Prevents High‐Fat Diet‐Induced Hypertension in Adult Rat Offspring: Implications of H2S‐Generating Pathway in the Gut and Kidneys

• Published in: Molecular nutrition & food research Vol. 65; no. 11; pp. e2001116 - n/a
• Main Authors: Hsu, Chien‐Ning, Hou, Chih‐Yao, Chang‐Chien, Guo‐Ping, Lin, Sufan, Tain, You‐Lin
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Germany Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01-06-2021
• Subjects: Animals; Bioavailability; Body Weight - drug effects; Breastfeeding & lactation; developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD); Diet; Diet, High-Fat - adverse effects; Dietary Supplements; Fatty acids; Fatty Acids, Volatile - metabolism; Female; Garlic; Garlic - chemistry; Gastrointestinal Microbiome - drug effects; Gastrointestinal Microbiome - physiology; Gene expression; gut microbiota; High fat diet; Hydrogen sulfide; Hydrogen Sulfide - blood; Hydrogen Sulfide - metabolism; Hypertension; Hypertension - etiology; Hypertension - prevention & control; Intestinal microflora; Kidney - drug effects; Kidney - metabolism; Kidneys; Lactation; Male; Males; Metabolites; Microbiota; Offspring; Oil; Oils & fats; Plant Oils - chemistry; Plant Oils - pharmacology; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; short chain fatty acid; garlic; developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD); hydrogen sulfide; high-fat diet; hypertension; gut microbiota; short chain fatty acid
• ISSN: 1613-4125; 1613-4133
• DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202001116

Scope
Perinatal high‐fat (HF) diet induces hypertension in adult offspring. Garlic, a naturally dietary source of Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) donor, has been shown benefits in hypertension. The article examines whether maternal garlic oil supplementation can prevent hypertension induced by HF diet and elucidate its protective effects.
Methods and results
Pregnant rats are given either a normal diet or HF diet. Rat dams are given garlic oil or vehicle daily by oral gavage at 100 mg kg‐1 day‐1 during pregnancy and lactation. Male offspring are sacrificed at 16 weeks of age. Garlic oil supplementation during pregnancy and lactation protected against hypertension induced by HF diet in adult male offspring. The beneficial effects of garlic oil are associated with increased renal mRNA expression and activity of H2S‐generating enzymes, increased NO bioavailability, increased plasma short chain fatty acid levels, and alterations of gut microbiota composition. Garlic oil supplementation increases abundance of genus Lactobacillus, but decreases genera Turicibacter and Staphylococcus.
Conclusion
The data reveals associations between H2S‐generating pathway in the gut and kidneys, NO system, gut microbiota, and microbiota‐derived metabolites in hypertension induced by HF intake and provide insight to garlic oil as a hypertension reprogramming strategy for further translational research.
Perinatal high‐fat (HF) diet induces developmental programming of hypertension in adult offspring, which is associated with impaired hydrogen sulfide (H2S)‐generating pathway in the kidneys and gut, alterations of gut microbiota compositions and their metabolites, and reduced nitric oxide (NO). Garlic oil (a H2S donor) supplementation during pregnancy and lactation can prevent HF‐induced hypertension in adult offspring.