Hybrid Precoder Using Stiefel Manifold Optimization for Mm-Wave Massive MIMO System

• Published in: Applied sciences Vol. 12; no. 23; p. 12282
• Main Authors: Singh, Divya, Shukla, Aasheesh, Hui, Kueh Lee, Sain, Mangal
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 01-12-2022
• Subjects: Antennas; Communication; Design; Digital imaging; Efficiency; hybrid precoder; Lagrange multiplier; manifold optimization; Manifolds (mathematics); millimeter wave; Millimeter waves; MIMO; Nested loops; Optimization; Optimization algorithms; Power consumption; Stiefel manifold
• ISSN: 2076-3417; 2076-3417
• DOI: 10.3390/app122312282

Due to the increasing demand for fast data rates and large spectra, millimeter-wave technology plays a vital role in the advancement of 5G communication. The idea behind Mm-Wave communications is to take advantage of the huge and unexploited bandwidth to cope with future multigigabit-per-second mobile data rates, imaging, and multimedia applications. In Mm-Wave systems, digital precoding provides optimal performance at the cost of complexity and power consumption. Therefore, hybrid precoding, i.e., analog–digital precoding, has received significant consideration as a favorable alternative to digital precoding. The conventional methods related to hybrid precoding suffer from low spectral efficiency and large processing time due to nested loops and the number of iterations. A manifold optimization-based algorithm using the gradient method is proposed to increase the spectral efficiency to be near optimal and to speed up the processing speed. A comparison of performances is shown using the simulation outcomes of the proposed work and those of the existing techniques.