Long‐Term Safety and Efficacy of Bixalomer in Hyperphosphatemic Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease Not on Dialysis

• Published in: Therapeutic apheresis and dialysis Vol. 21; no. 2; pp. 173 - 179
• Main Authors: Akizawa, Tadao, Tsukada, Junko, Kameoka, Chisato, Kuroishi, Kentarou, Yamaguchi, Yusuke
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Australia 01-04-2017
• Subjects: Bixalomer; Chronic kidney disease; Female; Humans; Hyperphosphatemia; Hyperphosphatemia - complications; Hyperphosphatemia - drug therapy; Male; Middle Aged; Phosphate binder; Polyamines - adverse effects; Polyamines - therapeutic use; Predialysis; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - complications; Time; Treatment Outcome; Bixalomer; Hyperphosphatemia; Chronic kidney disease; Phosphate binder; Predialysis
• ISSN: 1744-9979; 1744-9987
• DOI: 10.1111/1744-9987.12502

Bixalomer, a metal‐free, nonabsorbable phosphate binder, is approved in Japan to treat hyperphosphatemia in dialysis patients. Bixalomer is effective and has a favorable safety profile in predialysis patients with hyperphosphatemia. This study examined the long‐term effectiveness and safety of bixalomer in predialysis patients with hyperphosphatemia. This was a 48‐week, multicenter, open‐label, phase 3 study in Japanese predialysis patients with hyperphosphatemia. Patients received bixalomer at an initial dose of 1500 mg/day, which was titrated to a maximum of 7500 mg/day depending on patients’ serum phosphorus responses to bixalomer. A total of 105 patients received bixalomer treatment, and 39 completed the study. The most common reason for discontinuation was initiation of dialysis. Mean serum phosphorus concentrations decreased from 5.15 mg/dL at baseline to 4.67 mg/dL at Week 12 and then fluctuated slightly around this level until it reached 4.58 mg/dL at Week 48. The proportion of total patients achieving the target serum phosphorus concentration (≥2.5 to <4.6 mg/dL) increased after treatment to a maximum of 66.2% at Week 20 and subsequently decreased to 51.3% by Week 48. Most adverse events (AEs) occurred in the first 12 weeks of treatment. The incidence of AEs did not increase with long‐term treatment. Common AEs reported included nasopharyngitis (29.5%), constipation (19%), and upper respiratory tract inflammation (12.4%). These findings suggest that long‐term treatment with bixalomer is effective, well tolerated, and has no new safety concerns. Bixalomer may be an alternative treatment option for the long‐term management of hyperphosphatemia in patients with chronic kidney diseases.