Circulating metabolomic and lipidomic changes in subjects with new-onset type 1 diabetes after optimization of glycemic control

• Published in: Diabetes research and clinical practice Vol. 197; p. 110578
• Main Authors: Julve, Josep, Genua, Idoia, Quifer-Rada, Paola, Yanes, Óscar, Barranco-Altirriba, Maria, Hernández, Marta, Junza, Alexandra, Capellades, Jordi, Granado-Casas, Minerva, Alonso, Núria, Castelblanco, Esmeralda, Mauricio, Didac
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Ireland Elsevier B.V 01-03-2023
• Subjects: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - drug therapy; Fatty Acids; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Glycemic Control; Humans; Impaired insulin signaling; Lipid metabolism; Lipidomics; Male; Phosphatidylcholines; Translational research; Triglycerides; Type 1 diabetes; eGFR; SBP; T1DM; LDL-C; Fatty acids; CVD; HDL-C; Translational research; DBP; PC; TG; Impaired insulin signaling; Type 1 diabetes; FCs; SM; Lipid metabolism; CKD-EPI; HbA1c; BMI
• ISSN: 0168-8227; 1872-8227
• DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110578

To uncover novel candidate metabolomic and lipidomic biomarkers in newly-diagnosed type 1 diabetes (T1DM) after achieving optimal glucose control.
Comprehensive lipidomic and metabolomic analysis was performed in serum of 12 adults with T1DM at onset and after achieving optimal glycemic control (HbA1c < 7 %) (after 2–6 months).
After intensive therapy, subjects (mean age 25.2 years, 58.3 % men) showed decreases in blood glucose (p < 0.001), HbA1c [11.5 % (9.2–13.4) to 6.2 % (5.2 – 6.7); p < 0.001] and changes in 51 identified lipids. Among these changes, we found that triglycerides (TG) containing medium chain fatty acids (TG45:0, TG47:1), sphingomyelins (SM) (SM(d18:2/20:0), SM42:4)), and phosphatidylcholines (PC) (PC(O-26:2), PC(O-30:0), PC(O-32:0), PC(O-42:6), PC(O-44:5), PC(O-38:3), PC(O-33:0), PC(O-46:8), PC(O-44:6), PC(O-40:3), PC(O-42:4), PC(O-46:7), PC(O-46:6), PC(O-44:5), PC(O-42:3), PC(O-44:4)) decreased; whereas PC(35:1), PC(37:1) and TG containing longer chain fatty acids (TG(52:1), TG(55:7), TG(51:2), TG(53:3), TG52:2), TG(53:2), TG(57:3), TG(61:3), TG(61:2) increased. Further, dihydro O-acylceramide (18:1/18:0/16:0), diacylglycerophosphoethanolamine (PE(34:1)), diacylglycerophosphoinositol (PI(38:6), and dihydrosphingomyelins (dihydroSM(36:0), dihydroSM(40:0), dihydroSM(41:0), dihydroSM(42:0)) increased. Uric acid, mannitol, and mannitol-1-acetate levels also increased.
Our data uncovered potential favorable changes in the metabolism of glycerophospholipids, glycerolipids, and sphingolipids in new-onset T1DM after achieving optimal glycemic control. Further research on their potential role in developing diabetes-related complications is needed.