Space-Filling Supercapacitor Carpets: Highly scalable fractal architecture for energy storage

• Published in: Journal of power sources Vol. 384; pp. 145 - 155
• Main Authors: Tiliakos, Athanasios, Trefilov, Alexandra M.I., Tanasӑ, Eugenia, Balan, Adriana, Stamatin, Ioan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier B.V 30-04-2018
• Subjects: ECDL supercapacitors; Electrodes; Fractal; Laser-induced graphene (LIG); Scalability; Electrodes; ECDL supercapacitors; Fractal; Laser-induced graphene (LIG); Scalability
• ISSN: 0378-7753; 1873-2755
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.02.061

Revamping ground-breaking ideas from fractal geometry, we propose an alternative micro-supercapacitor configuration realized by laser-induced graphene (LIG) foams produced via laser pyrolysis of inexpensive commercial polymers. The Space-Filling Supercapacitor Carpet (SFSC) architecture introduces the concept of nested electrodes based on the pre-fractal Peano space-filling curve, arranged in a symmetrical equilateral setup that incorporates multiple parallel capacitor cells sharing common electrodes for maximum efficiency and optimal length-to-area distribution. We elucidate on the theoretical foundations of the SFSC architecture, and we introduce innovations (high-resolution vector-mode printing) in the LIG method that allow for the realization of flexible and scalable devices based on low iterations of the Peano algorithm. SFSCs exhibit distributed capacitance properties, leading to capacitance, energy, and power ratings proportional to the number of nested electrodes (up to 4.3 mF, 0.4 μWh, and 0.2 mW for the largest tested model of low iteration using aqueous electrolytes), with competitively high energy and power densities. This can pave the road for full scalability in energy storage, reaching beyond the scale of micro-supercapacitors for incorporating into larger and more demanding applications.
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•Highly scalable architecture for flexible in-plane energy storage devices.•Fractal electrodes based on the Peano curve of optimal length-to-area distribution.•Multiple nested electrodes configuration for distributed capacitance effect.•Improved laser-induced graphene (LIG) method for vector-mode fine-detail printing.•Competitive advantages due to the geometrical properties of the fractal Peano curve.