Schistosoma mansoni infection is associated with decreased risk of respiratory allergy symptoms and low production of CCL2

• Published in: Tropical medicine & international health Vol. 26; no. 9; pp. 1098 - 1109
• Main Authors: Oliveira Nóbrega, Cassia Giselle, Nascimento, Wheverton Ricardo Correia, Santos, Patrícia d'Emery Alves, Lorena, Virgínia Maria Barros, Medeiros, Décio, Costa, Vláudia Maria Assis, Barbosa, Constança Clara Gayoso Simões, Solé, Dirceu, Sarinho, Emanuel Sávio Cavalcanti, Souza, Valdênia Maria Oliveira
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01-09-2021
• Subjects: Allergies; Antibodies; Attenuation; CCL2; Cell culture; Chemokines; Cytokines; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Eosinophils; IL‐10; Immunoglobulin E; immunomodulation; Infections; Interferon; Leukocytes (eosinophilic); Lymphocytes T; Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1; respiratory allergy; Schistosoma mansoni; Schistosomiasis; Serum levels; Tumor necrosis factor
• ISSN: 1360-2276; 1365-3156
• DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13639

Objectives
We measured the production of cytokines, chemokines and antibodies involved in allergic responses and sCD23 levels during Schistosoma mansoni infection.
Methods
Individuals (n = 164) were selected using the ISAAC questionnaire and parasitological exams. The subjects were divided as follows: those infected individuals with allergy‐related symptoms (A‐I), those with allergy‐related symptoms only (A‐NI); those only infected (NA‐I); and those non‐infected individuals without allergy‐related symptoms (NA‐NI). We used supernatants from cell culture (mitogenic stimulation) to measure cytokine and chemokine levels using cytometric bead arrays. Serum levels of anti‐Ascaris lumbricoides (Asc) and anti‐Blomia tropicalis IgE were measured using ImmunoCAP, and sCD23 was measured using ELISA.
Results
Schistosoma mansoni infection was associated with a lower risk of allergy‐related symptoms. In A‐I, there were higher levels of TNF‐α, IL‐10, IL‐6, IFN‐γ and CXCL8 than in NA‐NI group, with TNF‐α and IL‐6 also at higher levels compared to A‐NI group. Levels of IL‐6, CXCL8, total and anti‐Asc IgE, as well as the numbers of eosinophils, were higher in NA‐I than in NA‐NI, and the antibodies were also lower in A‐NI than in NA‐I group. In AI and NA‐I, there was less production of CCL2 than in NA‐NI. There were no differences in the levels of IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐17, CCL5, sCD23 and anti‐Blomia IgE.
Conclusions
Patients with allergy‐related symptoms and infected (simultaneously) had higher levels of IL‐10; due to the infection, there was increased production of IL‐6 and CXCL8 and less CCL2. These data may characterize deviation to Th1 or attenuation of the Th2 response in allergy sufferers in areas endemic for schistosomiasis.