Single Camera-Based Remote Physical Therapy: Verification on a Large Video Dataset

• Published in: Applied sciences Vol. 12; no. 2; p. 799
• Main Authors: Adolf, Jindrich, Dolezal, Jaromir, Kutilek, Patrik, Hejda, Jan, Lhotska, Lenka
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 01-01-2022
• Subjects: Accuracy; Algorithms; Artificial intelligence; Body parts; Cameras; Exercise; Gait; Home environment; Human motion; Joints (anatomy); Knee; markerless; Motion capture; Neural networks; OpenPose; physical rehabilitation; Physical therapy; pose detection; Pose estimation; Rehabilitation; remote therapy; Sitting position; Software utilities; Telemedicine
• ISSN: 2076-3417; 2076-3417
• DOI: 10.3390/app12020799

In recent years, several systems have been developed to capture human motion in real-time using common RGB cameras. This approach has great potential to become widespread among the general public as it allows the remote evaluation of exercise at no additional cost. The concept of using these systems in rehabilitation in the home environment has been discussed, but no work has addressed the practical problem of detecting basic body parts under different sensing conditions on a large scale. In this study, we evaluate the ability of the OpenPose pose estimation algorithm to perform keypoint detection of anatomical landmarks under different conditions. We infer the quality of detection based on the keypoint confidence values reported by the OpenPose. We used more than two thousand unique exercises for the evaluation. We focus on the influence of the camera view and the influence of the position of the trainees, which are essential in terms of the use for home exercise. Our results show that the position of the trainee has the greatest effect, in the following increasing order of suitability across all camera views: lying position, position on the knees, sitting position, and standing position. On the other hand, the effect of the camera view was only marginal, showing that the side view is having slightly worse results. The results might also indicate that the quality of detection of lower body joints is lower across all conditions than the quality of detection of upper body joints. In this practical overview, we present the possibilities and limitations of current camera-based systems in telerehabilitation.