Ru(II)-Dppz Derivatives and Their Interactions with DNA: Thirty Years and Counting

• Published in: Applied sciences Vol. 11; no. 7; p. 3038
• Main Authors: Di Pietro, Maria Letizia, La Ganga, Giuseppina, Nastasi, Francesco, Puntoriero, Fausto
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 01-04-2021
• Subjects: Deoxyribonucleic acid; DNA; DNA structure; Hydrogen bonds; intercalation; Introduced species; Ligands; light-switch; luminescence; Metal complexes; Phenazine; Reviews; Ruthenium; sensors; Transition metal compounds
• ISSN: 2076-3417; 2076-3417
• DOI: 10.3390/app11073038

Transition metal complexes with dppz-type ligands (dppz = dipyrido[3,2-a:2′,3′-c]phenazine) are extensively studied and attract a considerable amount of attention, becoming, from the very beginning and increasingly over time, a powerful tool for investigating the structure of the DNA helix. In particular, [Ru(bpy)2(dppz)]2+ and [Ru(phen)2(dppz)]2+ and their derivatives were extensively investigated as DNA light-switches. The purpose of this mini-review, which is not and could not be exhaustive, was to first introduce DNA and its importance at a biological level and research in the field of small molecules that are capable of interacting with it, in all its forms. A brief overview is given of the results obtained on the Ru-dppz complexes that bind to DNA. The mechanism of the light-switch active in this type of species is also briefly introduced along with its effects on structural modifications on both the dppz ligand and the ancillary ligands. Finally, a brief mention is made of biological applications and the developments obtained due to new spectroscopic techniques, both for understanding the mechanism of action and for cellular imaging applications.