Continuous control actions learning and adaptation for robotic manipulation through reinforcement learning

• Published in: Autonomous robots Vol. 46; no. 3; pp. 483 - 498
• Main Authors: Shahid, Asad Ali, Piga, Dario, Braghin, Francesco, Roveda, Loris
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Springer US 01-03-2022; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Adaptation; Algorithms; Artificial Intelligence; Computer Imaging; Control; Engineering; Machine learning; Mechatronics; Optimization; Pattern Recognition and Graphics; Robotics; Robotics and Automation; Robots; Vision; Robotic grasping; Continuous control; Policy optimization; Reinforcement learning
• ISSN: 0929-5593; 1573-7527
• DOI: 10.1007/s10514-022-10034-z

This paper presents a learning-based method that uses simulation data to learn an object manipulation task using two model-free reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms. The learning performance is compared across on-policy and off-policy algorithms: Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) and Soft Actor-Critic (SAC). In order to accelerate the learning process, the fine-tuning procedure is proposed that demonstrates the continuous adaptation of on-policy RL to new environments, allowing the learned policy to adapt and execute the (partially) modified task. A dense reward function is designed for the task to enable an efficient learning of the agent. A grasping task involving a Franka Emika Panda manipulator is considered as the reference task to be learned. The learned control policy is demonstrated to be generalizable across multiple object geometries and initial robot/parts configurations. The approach is finally tested on a real Franka Emika Panda robot, showing the possibility to transfer the learned behavior from simulation. Experimental results show 100% of successful grasping tasks, making the proposed approach applicable to real applications.