The therapeutic role and mechanism of 4-Methoxycinnamic acid in fungal keratitis

• Published in: International immunopharmacology Vol. 116; p. 109782
• Main Authors: Wang, Yuwei, Yin, Min, Gu, Lingwen, Yi, Wendan, Lin, Jing, Zhang, Lina, Wang, Qian, Qi, Yinghe, Diao, Weilin, Chi, Menghui, Zheng, Hengrui, Li, Cui, Zhao, Guiqiu
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01-03-2023
• Subjects: 4-Methoxycinnamic acid; A. fumigatus; Animals; Antifungal; Antifungal Agents - pharmacology; Antifungal Agents - therapeutic use; Aspergillosis; Aspergillus fumigatus; Eye Infections, Fungal - drug therapy; Innate immune response; Keratitis; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mincle; Natamycin - pharmacology; Natamycin - therapeutic use; Mincle; 4-Methoxycinnamic acid; Antifungal; Innate immune response; A. fumigatus
• ISSN: 1567-5769; 1878-1705
• DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109782

•MCA exerts antifungal effects by inhibiting fungal cell wall synthesis, disrupting cell membrane permeability, and inhibiting biofilm formation.•The MCA-natamycin combination has a synergistic effect against Aspergillus fumigatus.•MCA could reduce fungal load and improve prognosis of fungal keratitis in vivo.•MCA exerts anti-inflammatory effects through the Mincle signaling pathway.
Fungal keratitis is an infectious vision-threatening disease that has a poor prognosis, and the clinical therapeutic drugs have multiple limitations, such as epithelial toxicity and low bioavailability. Therefore, new antifungal treatment strategies must be developed.
4-Methoxycinnamic acid (MCA) is a widely occurring natural phenolic acid that has been proven to have multiple effects, such as antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and inhibiting cancer. In this research, we explored the effects and underlying mechanisms of MCA on A. fumigatus keratitis and the antifungal effects of the combination of MCA and natamycin (NATA) on A. fumigatus. We found that MCA exerts antifungal effects by inhibiting the synthesis of the fungal cell wall, changing the permeability of fungal cell membranes. Moreover, the MCA-NATA combination exhibited synergy for A. fumigatus.
In addition, MCA exerted an anti-inflammatory effect by downregulating the inflammatory factors (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and iNOS) in C57BL/6 mice and RAW264.7 cells. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of MCA was associated with the Mincle signal pathway.
In summary, MCA acts as a potential therapeutic drug for fungal keratitis and a potential antifungal sensitizer for natamycin. MCA inhibits fungal cell wall synthesis, destroys the permeability of fungal cell membranes, and mediates the anti-inflammatory, immune response of the host.